Local Prohibition agents had a unique problem on their hands: what to do with the gallons upon gallons of moonshine from local stills and finished whiskey from bootleggers that they confiscated in their raids.

On July 7, 1922, agents of Squire Morris Y. Shuler of Seven Mile, the most active prohibition crusader in Butler County, raided the home of Fred Riley at 1008 Belle Avenue and confiscated a 60-gallon copper still, 110 gallons of moonshine, 150 gallons of mash and 815 empty 16-ounce bottles that were already labeled as:

BODI-RUB

95 percent grain alcohol

For external use only

An improved rubbing alcohol, no objectionable odor , no foul-smelling ingredients.

Stimulating, sanitary, soothing

The liquor, still, and bottles were found in the cellar of the house, which was partitioned off and was equipped with city water, electric lights, gas and sewer connections. Strong locks were affixed to the door. Riley was not present at the time of the raid. 

There were 200 pounds of sugar, four bags of barley and some new gasoline cans with wooden packets in the cellar. The raiders also found some stiff paper cartons into which 12 of the bottles could be fitted. 

The raid was made about 3:30 p.m. Thursday by state prohibition agents Jones, Hutchinson, and Spivey along with local former magistrate Lewis Bolser, who said, “This is one of the most important liquor hauls ever made in Butler County.”

The same day, a smaller still along with 100 gallons of mash and an  unspecified amount of moonshine was confiscated nearby at the home of Ernest Eldridge, 684 Williams Avenue.

The next morning, Bolser led state agents on a raid at a home on New London Pike, where they confiscated another 60-gallon still, 15 gallons of finished moonshine and 200 gallons of mash. The still was in full production when the agents entered the cellar of the house where the moonshiners were at work.

After the cases were disposed in Squire Shuler’s court, his men would dump the stuff in local creeks, which posed a danger not only to local wildlife, but to the residents of the village. It got bad enough that Seven Mile Mayor Andrew Hauser threatened a lawsuit against Squire Shuler because the fumes from the dumped hooch “caused much staggering among the residents.”

Squire Shuler says he doesn’t want to make all the residents of the village intoxicated but he can’t very well keep all the liquor taken in recent raids, and it kept coming.

On Thursday, August 10, Shuler’s court and state agents raided what was touted as “the most complete, modern and largest still ever uncovered in the state.” 

“It’s the granddaddy of them all,” Shuler said.

A party of six agents, a mix of local and state officials, with a warrant from Shuler’s court arrived at the plant office of the Hilz Brothers dry cleaning plant at Main and A streets at the west bank of the High-Main bridge at about 2:30 in the afternoon. The girls in the office called Joseph Hilz, who managed the business end of the operation. His brother William, who managed the back end, the actual dry cleaning portion, was on vacation in Michigan.

Joe Hilz led the agents on a tour of the plant. When they got to a garage at the rear of the property, facing the alley that ran off of B Street, they discovered it locked. Joe said he didn’t have a key, that the garage was the property of his brother, not the business. The officers took the hinges from the doors and let themselves in.

Inside the garage, agents found vats with a capacity of 1,300 gallons and a three-inch pipe leading from the vats through the floor. In a rear room, the agents moved a workbench to uncover a secret trap door leading to a cellar and a series of tunnels and passageways hidden by false doors and other contrivances. The tunnels were so deep that parts were dug under the flood control levees created by the Miami Conservancy District following the 1913 flood. One of the agents had a hand-drawn map that led them to the largest still yet to be discovered in Butler County.

The dry agents said that the plumbing and ventilation system was the largest any of them had ever seen outside of an authorized facility.  A specially built sewer led to the river. Other apparatus to complete the plant included all kinds of gauges capable of testing the strength and purity of the product and an electrical equipment used to age the whiskey prematurely and eliminate the moonshine taste that is found in all white whisky sold now.

A quantity of coloring matter was found and seized. A portion of the sub-cellar was devoted to a bottling plant. Apparatus for the supplying of steam was affixed wherever heat would be required in a distilling process. The set-up could produce ten gallons of white mule whiskey per hour.

The agents discovered 560 gallons of whiskey in various stages of production, from barrel to bottle. Some of the bottled goods were stamped with the Lancaster label, a popular pre-prohibition bourbon made in Bardstown, Kentucky. One of the officers tasted some of the liquor which had evidently passed through all the processes and was ready for distribution. He asserted the liquor tasted like high class bonded goods at least three years old, pre-Volstead quality. The whiskey was worth about $20 a gallon (over $300 in modern dollars) at retail bootlegger prices, and the still itself cost at least $5,000 to install

Soon after the dry agents began their work, curious pedestrians and neighbors congregated at the rear of the building to watch the raid and soon news of it spread rapidly and until 11 o’clock when the men finished their work a steady stream of people maintained a crowd of more than one hundred persons at the scene.

To get the still and the barrels of mash and whiskey, the officers had to cut through the cement floor of the garage and make a hole large enough to pull out the barrels and still. 

The prohibition officers began removing the still and the confiscated whiskey at around 4 p.m. and worked seven hours before they completed their task. The haul included nine barrels of whiskey and several jugs and bottles of wine.

The whiskey and apparatus from the operation were taken to Shuler’s barn in Seven Mile, and he put an armed guard on duty at all times. At 1:30 a.m., Friday August 18, 1923, Squire Shuler was on duty himself when a large truck escorted by four automobiles swarmed onto his property. They evidently knew exactly where the liquor was stored, for immediately after reaching the barn they back up the truck and one of the cars to it and were just ready to break into the building when Shuler fired shots into the air, hollering at the men to leave the premises. That did the trick. The truck and four cars quickly abandoned their heist and hit the road.

“The next time those shots won’t be fired in the air,” Shuler bragged the following morning. “They’ll be fired at the men and they’ll be fired earnest, too.”

Proceedings in Squire Shuler’s little courthouse, a twelve-by-twelve shack on a Seven Mile side street, were generally low-key affairs, but the entire town took the day off when the Hilz brothers came to the village to face the prohibition court two weeks after the raid. A number of Hamiltonians made the trek, too, and long before the time set for the trial, 9 a.m., the building was full and a crowd gathered around it. “There were delays, for no apparent reason, until finally at 11 o’clock, Magistrate Shuler rapped for order,” the Evening Journal reported.

Shuler announced that warrants issued against the Hilz Brothers company would be dropped, but the warrants against the Hilz brothers individually would stand.

State Prohibition Officer Hutchinson was the first to testify in the case. One of the defense lawyers asked him how he knew that the whiskey was in possession of Joseph Hilz. Hutchinson replied that Joseph Hilz was in charge of the company.

“How do you know Joseph Hilz was in charge?”

“He took us around.”

“But there were other people there, weren’t there? Some girls?”

“Yes,” Hutchinson said, “but they didn’t look like proprietors to me.”

The lawyer then began a line of questioning to find out how much Hutchinson knew about the difference between stills used for whiskey distillation and stills used for gasoline. Hutchinson said he did not know the difference between the two, but that the still found in the cistern was a whiskey still.

“Then you know the difference?”

“I do not, but under my oath I say that was a whiskey still.”

“You mean that regardless of the fact that you do not know the difference you say that was a whiskey still?”

“I do,” came the answer without a minute’s hesitation.

As the Daily News reported, “Then came the question of whether or not the whiskey found was illegal whiskey and when Hutchinson was asked how he knew that this whiskey was illegal he answered to the effect that he was testifying to that fact.”

“Is there a difference between illegal whiskey and other whiskey?”

“There is,” Hutchinson answered, “in taste and in smell.”

“What is that difference?”

“It’s something I can’t describe but that I have learned by experience.”

“How much experience have you had?”

“About nine yars, part of it in my present capacity and part as a sheriff.”

“Prohibition hasn’t been in effect nine years, has it?”

“No, but I’ve caught moonshiners.”

Then came questions regarding the difference between different kinds of whiskey--rye and bourbon, for instance--and Hutchinson said that he considered bourbon whiskey mellower than rye.

Joseph Hilz took the stand and said that he had nothing to do with the placing of the still, barrels, or any of the articles taken in the raid, saying that he just worked in the office and had no knowledge of what was going on in the plant or its labyrinthine sub-cellar. The raid was the first time that the conditions of the sub-cellar had come to his attention, that the first time he had stepped foot into the garage off of the B Street alley was after the Prohibition men had taken the hinges off the door to gain entrance. 

Still, Shuler gave both brothers the maximum fine that could be levied, $1,000 each for two counts each in the indictments, but Joseph Hilz later had the fines reversed on appeal.

Late on the evening of September 6, Squire Shuler heard for the first time a case against a woman in his Prohibition court.

Two state officers raided a home near West Elkton at around 9 p.m. that evening and found a 60-gallon still, about twenty gallons of whiskey and twelve barrels of mash. They delivered these goods along with a woman who was present on the property and her daughter, about eight years old.

Squire Shuler asked the woman her name, and she replied, “I won’t tell my name. It’s none of your business.”

“Arguments were of little avail,” reported the Hamilton Daily News, “but finally she was persuaded and wrote the name Mary Elrige on a slip of paper.”

She was asked to give bond, but she refused this as well. “When she was told that she would be taken to the county jail and her child sent to the home for girls it was almost impossible to still the crying and wailing that filled the office.”

The woman appealed that the case be settled immediately, but Squire Shuler said that he preferred to  hold it over a short time and that it was too late to settle things that night as it was getting near midnight.

Squire Shuler telephoned Sheriff Rudy Laubach and told him that the woman and child would be brought down, and the sheriff waited for their arrival, but it never happened. Mrs. Elrige had prevailed upon the prohibition officers to take the child to her sister’s house on Mt. Pleasant Pike in Hamilton, and while they were there, a man appeared and offered to provide a $2,000 bond for the woman, and the officers released her in his custody. 

“This was one of the toughest cases we’ve ever had up here,” Shuler said the next morning.

That weekend after the Hilz brother raid, the agents went on four more raids, netting more than 20 gallons of whiskey, two stills in operation and one in the making, more than 800 gallons of mash.

The first raid was staged at 8 p.m. Saturday night at 1575 Dixie Highway at the home of Louis Bauman, where a small but complete and operational still was found on the third floor of the house. Twenty gallons of whiskey, mash and sugar, all valued at $500.

The second still was found 10 a.m. Sunday morning operating in an open cornfield on the Brant farm near LeSourdesville on Dixie Highway. There they took away 800 gallons of mash, two cookers, three jugs of whiskey, and 100 feet of new hose that was used in taking water from the canal that bordered the farm. 

The other raids took place in Coke Otto (New Miami). In one, they took away a pint of whiskey, but in the other they found a cooker and the beginning of a still operation by James White on Pennsylvania Avenue.

By the end of the summer of 1922, local state Prohibition officials were running out of room to store evidence.

His agents had confiscated so much moonshine and so many stills, Squire Shuler was compelled to find a larger storage space than the shed behind his Seven Mile house. Plus there were security issues. In one Hamilton raid, agents confiscated a still that had previously been disassembled, stored in, and disappeared from Squire Haney’s place in Coke Otto. 

In late August, the local papers reported that the local magistrates had appealed to Karl Clark, the clerk of courts, to provide storage. Clark demurred.

The Daily News quipped that some people might welcome such a gift: “Of course it is not meant by any means that anybody in the office of the clerk or in other offices was looking forward to the arrival of the whiskey. Who would look forward to such a thing? Especially if it was put up in big, clumsy barrels that had to be rolled around.”

The magistrates instead set upon a plan to spread the booze and equipment among several secret locations until it all could be destroyed.

The load kept growing. On September 2, federal agent Sylvester Davis, working with Fairfield Township constable William Simpson delivered one of Shuler’s warrants to the home of Frank Stanich, 1518 Pleasant Avenue. The home itself was clear, but Davis discovered a hidden three-foot hole in the cellar leading to a trap door that led to the sub-cellar, which at first appeared to empty, but one of the walls proved to be fake, and behind it a 50-gallon still was in operation, another 15-gallon still sitting idle. The officers also seized nine barrels of corn mash and nine barrels of moonshine.

Local drinkers, meanwhile, seemed to be thriving on the abundance of moonshine. On September 21, a frantic call from South Avenue sent no fewer than seven officers to the scene to find Frank Obermier “out in the street bareheaded, barefooted and but scantily clothed and a panic of fear under the delusion that someone was chasing him.” His wife told the police that he had consumed two gallons and a quart of moonshine during a three-day bender.

The fall of 1922 saw the first fatality resulting from a Prohibition raid.

On September 28, Ohio dry agent Nathan Clark led a team of six men to deliver a warrant from Squire Carl Teeter of Morgan Township to the farm of Daniel Byer near Shandon.

They searched the house and some outbuildings, coming up empty except for 100 pounds of brown corn sugar that Byer said was used for canning, steadfastly denying any knowledge of a moonshine operation. Then the agents noticed wisps of smoke coming from a gully about a quarter of a mile away.

As they made their way that direction, one of them noticed a man standing atop a nearby hill and heard someone shout, “It’s the feds!”

The man took off running and agent J.W. Preble of Steubenville shouted for him to stop, then fired three shots in the air and took off after him. Agent Henry Pottebaum, a retired Cincinnati policeman, followed. They quickly realized he had too much of a headstart and abandoned the chase when the man disappeared into the woods. They then noticed two more men running away from them in the vicinity of the smoke, which was closer than the hilltop, so they switched directions and began chasing them.

The smaller of the two men got away, but Pottenbaum caught up the other after a quarter-mile chase and took him into custody. He tried to take him back the way they came, but the man refused to go back to the gully and led them instead to a nearby lane, which made it a longer walk but easier terrain. As they walked, the man cussed at them profusely, calling them colorful names, and refused to identify himself.

As they approached the two automobiles the agents had arrived in, Agents Sylvester Davis of Hamilton and Frank Loomis of Bowling Green approached them on the lane and Pottebaum handed the prisoner over to Davis, saying he was a “mean customer” and a “tough nut.”

The prisoner, a large and muscular man, made a sudden lunge for the gun on Davis’s belt. They struggled a bit but Davis soon had control of the gun. The scuffle paused briefly as Davis held the revolver on the man. Shortly, the prisoner made a second play, this time going for Davis’s throat with his left hand and the gun with his right hand. Again, they struggled, the prisoner getting a good grip on the agent’s throat, and the gun went off.

The prisoner stopped struggling, swayed a brief moment, then fell to the ground. The bullet had gone through his right shoulder blade, pierced both lungs, barely missing his heart, and exited on the left side near the sixth rib. He quit cussing at them. In fact, he would never speak another word.

The agents loaded him into Davis’s machine and took him to a doctor in Shandon. The doctor wasn’t in, so they called for Dr. Bausch in Venice, but by the time he got there, the man was dead. He probably died in the car, the agents said.

The man turned out to be Andrew “Leather” Schaub, who lived on Hamilton-Mason Road. He was 30 years old, married, father of four young children. He was identified by his father by the initials “A.L.S.” tattooed on his forearm.

From the gulley on the Byer farm, agents confiscated a 50-gallon still in operation, a 150-gallon unit in the process of being set up, and fourteen barrels of mash, but no finished product.

Butler County Coroner Edward Cook and prosecutor John Andrews arrived on the scene and instructed county detective Frank Clements to take Davis into custody, which Andrews claimed was routine in the case of a shooting death, and place him under a $2,000 bond. A group of Shandon residents, apparently grateful to the officers for their effort, chipped in and made his bond, so Davis was set free.

The next day, when reporters tried to reach Agent Davis at the Cincinnati office to get his version of the story, he was so distraught that he could barely talk and gave the briefest of statements: “I was left alone and guarding Schaub and while I was looking at another Direction he suddenly leaped upon me and attempted to draw my gun from its holster. I resisted and we fought for the gun. The gun was discharged but not purposely, because I could have handled the man without killing him.”

The director of the Cincinnati office declared that Schaub was the most desperate character his men “were ever called upon to cope with.”

“All my men are experienced and I am confident that there would have been no shooting had it not been necessary for one of them to protect his own life,” he said. 

The coroner’s inquest the following week proved to be a contentious affair. The assembly room at the courthouse was crowded to standing room only. In addition to the corner and his staff, prosecutor Andrews and his assistant in front of the room, Straub’s parents, father-in-law, sister, younger brother, and widow and four children sat in the front row. All of the Prohibition officers from the scene were there along with several other agents from around the state. Dr. Clark of Shandon and Dr. Bausch of Venice testified. One state and one federal attorney were on hand representing Davis, who declined to testify on their advice. There were also a number of Shandon residents, including Byer and his family, in the room.

Frank Clements brought with him the two men who had escaped the state agents’ custody: 17-year-old Emmett Eisner of East Hamilton, who was at the still with Schaub, and George Willeford, also of Hamilton, the look-out on the hill.

Eisner testified that earlier on the day of the shooting, he and Schaub had gone to the adjacent farm of George Willeford to take him a saw and were trying to buy some hogs, but when they couldn’t come to an agreement Willeford asked them to do some work for him and they were in the field planting when Willeford came to return the saw. Eisner said he was with Schaub in the field when he saw the men approaching and it was he who shouted out the warning. 

“How did you know they were federal men?” assistant district attorney David T Reynolds asked Eisner. “Have you ever seen any before?”

“No,” replied Eisner, “but they were an awful suspicious looking lot.”

Eisner said that there were six or seven shots, one of them whizzing by his head and another hitting the loose dirt inches from his feet. Willeford and other Shandon residents corroborated, though the agents only accounted for four shots.

All of the agents on the scene testified that the shooting was justified because Schaub was a large man and would have overpowered Davis and no one else was close enough at the moment to help him out. In addition to conflicting testimony about how many shots were fired and who was standing where, there was also much discussion as to whether the case would end up federal court instead of the county court, it being a Prohibition issue, and arguments over whether a county grand jury could issue an indictment against a federal officer for an act committed while in the discharge of his duties.

Cooked ruled that due to the lack of a coherent story, the shooting was not justified and county prosecutor Andrews signed a warrant charging Davis with manslaughter, fixing another bond at $10,000.

When the inquest adjourned at 12:50 p.m., Davis was “verbally assailed,” the Evening Journal wrote, by Straub's mother. 

“If I had a gun I would shoot you now,” the weeping mother threatened. His fellow agents had to peel her away from him. Then the sister took up the argument and the teen-age brother doubled up his fists and made threats to the federal men.

When the October grand jury met, it declined to indict Sylvester Davis: “But we do think from the evidence submitted to us that the facts surrounding the killing are not entirely clear; that the killing of Andrew Schaub... is very regrettable and that Officer Davis and the other federal prohibition officers could have dealt with Schaub in some better manner than that used, and that they were somewhat at fault for the circumstances and actions leading up to the actual killing.”

Over the first three days of November, fifteen state prohibition agents with an unknown number of deputies again swooped into Hamilton with a fistful of warrants resulting from a six-week investigation, making more than 100 arrests, including three members of the board of governors of the Elks fraternal organization on a raid of its clubhouse. 

State Prohibition Commissioner Don V. Parker said the three-day raid netted more than 500 gallons of whiskey, and that “representative business men were arrested, stills broken up and open dens of vice uncovered.”

Parker dubbed Butler County “the worst outlaw county in the state, with everything wide open,” adding that much of the contraband liquor distributed around the state came from Butler County. 

One inspector said, “This city is by far the worst that I have ever been in with open gambling in every soft drink parlor. They have a gambling room just the same as they have a whiskey room.”

Nathan Clark of the Cincinnati Prohibition office said, “I am yet of the opinion that Hamilton and the surrounding environs comprise the hotbed of Ohio’s bootleggers and I am expecting orders that will give me full rein to concentrate my efforts to cleaning up this particular locality.”

There were dozens of “cafes” in and around Hamilton that flaunted, sometimes openly and brazenly, the laws enacted to codify the great failed experiment of Prohibition, but there were two nightclubs on the outskirts of town that were the hubs of local illicit revelry, White City Park and the Stockton Club.

Both were favorite targets of local Prohibition enforcer Squire Morris Y. Shuler of Seven Mile.

A quirk of the Prohibition laws allowed mayors and justices of the peace to establish liquor courts in which they could prosecute violators throughout the county of their jurisdiction. Morris Shuler of Seven Mile, first as a justice of peace and later as mayor, took advantage of this quirk and for a time held sway over one of the busiest liquor squads in the state of Ohio. Sometimes working in collaboration with state and federal agents, sometimes leading squads that included moonlighting police and sheriff deputies -- and for a time, even the county coroner -- on his own. Until the U.S. Supreme Court struck down that portion of the law, Shuler and his small army were the scourges of bootleggers and cafe owners throughout Butler County.

Along with a cadre of 18 state agents, Shuler raided both White City Park and the Stockton Club, among a handful of other establishments,  on consecutive nights, November 2 and 3, 1922. The raids netted Squire Shuler’s court ove $8,000 in fines, the largest being levied against John Rose, then the proprietor of the Stockton Club, for $500, with his two bartenders also ponying up $100 each.

Probably the biggest catch of the day was the discovery of a still along the canal near the Dixie Highway in White City Park that was said to be operated by Carl Bley.

Squire Schuler reported that 150 gallons of the finished whiskey was uncovered in a pile of lumber, that a still was found out in the open behind a sign board with nothing over it but an improvised roof, and that a quantity of mash was found in a concrete basin built into the ground.

Although there were dozens of such raids on White City during the Prohibition years, one of the most notorious cases came to light in the spring of 1923, but it originated not in the park, but in the Globe Hotel, located on South Fifth Street near the B&O Railroad station when probation officer Hattie S. Clark went there to retrieve Ethel Hallam, 23-year-old a married mother of two, who had been carrying on in one of the rooms there.

Alvin Dunlap, the proprietor of the Globe, told her of other girls, some of them underage, registered there and behaving inappropriately by staying out very late and allowing men into their rooms. The girls had no luggage when they registered at the hotel, but Dunlap would later tell the juvenile court that he thought it was all right because they were all together.

This led to the discovery of three minors, Alice Adams, 16, who had been named a ward of the court in 1917, Marion French and Dora Sealf Scalf. Also taken into custody were Edna Tuley, 18, of Lindenwald, daughter of a policeman, and Eva Babcock, 20, Symmes Corner.

The girls had met at the Saturday night dances conducted by the Labor Temple on Maple Avenue, and it was following one of these dances that the girls formed the proposition of renting the room. Charles Vaughn, leader of the temple, was named as one of several men who visited the girls. The warrant charged that some of the girls entertained men in the room, but all but one of the girls denied this, but Dunlap told of finding two men in the room one night and said he had told them twice to come to the office if they were waiting for the girls.

The first night the girls were provided with two separate rooms but following that two beds were placed in the same room which was occupied by all six girls for a time. Some of the girls remained longer than others. One of the girls told her mother she was working in Newport, Kentucky. The mother of another was in Dayton at the time. 

The girls told of going to the White City Park resort, returning as late as 5 a.m. and then sleeping until two in the afternoon.

Dunlap denied furnishing the girls with whiskey but testimony from one of them was that they had obtained liquor from him.

Dunlap was fined $1,000 and costs and given a one year sentence in the Dayton Workhouse, suspended on the condition that he get out of the hotel business within 30 days.

At this hearing Friday the three minor girls were sent to the Delaware reform school, three elder girls given suspended sentences to Marysville and the keeper of the hotel given 30 days to get out of business or pay a fine of $1,000 and spend a year in the Dayton Workhouse.

Tuely and Babcock were put on probation on the conditions that they attend church every Sunday morning and refrain from going out after 9 p.m. unless accompanied by their parents. They were given suspended sentences to the Marysville reformatory for women and were required to report to juvenile court once a week. 

Probation officer Shirley spoke of the reports that he had received for some time in the past concerning the minors who were permitted in that place and of the harm that might come to them through environments that were said to be there.

The finishing touches were put on the evidence when the three young girls testified that they had gone there at least three times, leaving the hotel at about ten o’clock and getting back at some time between midnight and morning. The girls told of the use of the park of slot machines and one stated that she had been given small amounts of money by me there to play the machines. The evenings were spent in playing the machines and dancing and drinking soft drinks.

“It was immediately after the hearing Friday,” said Judge Woodruff, “after those minor girls had testified concerning things that had happened at White City Park that I gave orders to Sheriff Laubach and my chief probation officer L.K. Shirley to see that the place is closed until after the trial of the two me Tuesday morning.”

While all of this was going on, while the girls were confessing their sins in juvenile court, the case against White City Park was heightened by a shooting incident involving an on-duty Hamilton police detective, unrelated to the trouble with the girls.

Detective Herman Dulle said that he and fellow detective Al Mueller, had earlier in the week received a tip that a certain individual had been selling stolen silk shirts at White City Park. On Friday, April 13, even while warrants were being prepared to padlock the resort on the testimony of the teenage girls, Dulle and Mueller were eating a midnight meal at an uptown restaurant and Ella DeMont (Dumont), aka Ella Westfall, part owner of White City Park with William “Pat” Gradolph, was in the restaurant at the same time. Dulle said they told her about the silk shirts and she told them to go on over to the resort, located just off Dixie Highway on Bobenmeyer (now Bobmeyer) Road to find their suspect.

Dulle said that he and Mueller along with detective Giles of Indianapolis who was here on vacation, then went to the park in an automobile belonging to cafe owner Lymon Williams. After remaining at the park for an hour and a half waiting for the thieves to appear, Dulle said he gave up hope of catching them and notified Mueller that he was going back to the city. He went in a different car.

Although Dulle said he did not see Mueller drinking any liquor, that Pat Gradolph “had been drinking and was becoming a little wild and I thought it would be better if we left. Mueller evidently did not give much thought to Pat’s drinking and remained.”

The shooting occurred about a half-hour after Dulle’s departure.

Mueller would later tell his superiors, “About 4 o’clock, trouble started in a small side room. Yes, this room is used for gambling. I went in to investigate the trouble and succeeded in getting the parties on the outside. We settled the trouble and went back into the place.”

The story from a habitue of the resort leads to the impression that the trouble started over a crap game. A man shooting the dice protested he was short-changed. Harry Gradolph, Pat’s brother, was running the game. Trouble loomed and Mueller acted as peacemaker. Harry Gradolph told his brother of the affair.

“A short time later there was a disturbance out on the road,” Mueller said. “I did not go out and investigate. I later learned that police had been called but could not find the troublemakers. Then after the trouble apparently had been settled, that Pat Gradolph came up to me and wanted to know why I had put a gun on Harry Gradolph. 

“Pat was drunk and pulled out a revolver and started to shoot. One of the bullets hit my right foot.

“I did not shoot at Gradolph.”

Chief of Police Charles Stricker and Detective Chief W.C. Herrmann verified the story of Mueller that the detectives were detailed to investigate the tip that stolen shirts were being peddled at the park and exonerated him of any culpability, though he would soon be suspended for working security at the Stockton Club during his off-hours.

“At this time,” Hermann said, “we do not care to give the name of the party who tipped us off, but be can do so if pressed.”

Herrmann also said that police reports show that headquarters received a call from the vicinity of the park early Saturday morning telling of the disturbance. Herrmann said officers went to the scene but could not find participants in the trouble. No report of the trouble is contained on police reports.

Herrmann and Stricker took warrants to Mueller’s home Saturday morning charging Pat Gradolph with shooting with intent to wound, but orders to close the resort had already been issued to Butler County Sheriff Rudy Laubach following the sensational  expose by the six young girls of vices indulged in at the notorious resort.

Harry and Pat Gradolph were arrested Saturday afternoon by L.K. Shirley, chief probation officer in the juvenile court of Butler County and Sheriff Laubach. 

“It came to the point where something had to be done,” said Sheriff Laubach shortly after the park had been closed and the proprietors placed under arrest. “And it also reached the stage where sufficient evidence had been gathered against the place.”

Both Sheriff Laubach and Officer Shirley had made thorough investigations before a step was taken toward the placing of a lock on the White City gate. Both me reported that it came to the point where some step had to be taken and to the place where something could be done.

“I’ve been watching the place for some time,” said the sheriff, “but for the most part it was almost impossible to get any definite evidence against the happenings down there. People in the neighborhood did not bring me any complaints that could be followed and I stood watch for the right opportunity. After hearing the testimony by those girls in juvenile court Friday, I went into conferences with juvenile authorities and we decided to take action immediately.

Harry Gradolph was the first to be arrested after  he had been found in bed at the park. Pat Gradolph surrendered himself at the jail later in the morning.

The affidavit signed by Shirley charged Pat Gradolph with selling and giving the minors intoxicating beverages, permitting the minors to operate gambling devices known as nickel slot machines, and permitting gambling in the presence of minors.

The Gradolphs’ trial on April 19 included sensational testimony from Marion French, 17, who described in some detail the girls’ visits to White City Park.

Sometimes the fellows who took them to the park had liquor and the girls would take a drink before they got there. No one ever asked their age, but French said she did see the signs that read, “If you are not 21, your presence is not required.” She said that from 10 a.m. until 3 or 4 a.m., sometimes until 6 a.m., the girls sat at tables, talked, drank, smoked, ate sandwiches and played the nickel slot machines.

“They had big games on Saturday nights. You could not get into the room and you couldn’t see for the people... We would dance and when that wore off we would go into the barroom and get more liquor”

She said Pat Gradolph took her without the other girls into a little room off the barroom and locked the door. Then the back door opened and Harry Gradolph brought in a bottle of liquor and gave it to his brother, who served it.

“They felt pretty good lots of times but they were not real drunk,” French said.

One of those late nights, Miss French said she and another of the girls returned to the room about midnight and were awakened at 5 a.m. when Alice Adams came in.

“Where’s Eva?” French asked.

Adams replied, “She’s at White City so drunk that she couldn’t get home.”

French went back to White City and found Eva, enlisting the aid of the taxi driver to get her into the car and back to the Globe.

Edna Tuley testified that she bought beer there but was unable to tell if it was intoxicating. She admitted she played the nickel slot machines in the barroom.

Eva Babcock said that the fellows who took them to White City gave them whiskey but they always went outside to drink it. She said it was often so crowded on the dance floor that it was impossible to move.

On the stand, Pat Gradolph said his business was operating a soft drink stand known as White City Inn. He denied knowing the girls and denied giving them whiskey. He said he had seen them there drinking pop and eating sandwiches.  He admitted there were slot machines in the barroom and one in the dance hall, but that he never saw the girls playing them.

“They are mostly for the men,” he told the court, but the women slip in unbeknown.

Pat Gradolph was sentenced to a year in the Dayton Workhouse and fined $1,000, $500 of which was suspended on condition that he closed White City Park. His brother Harry was fined $100 and costs and sentenced to one year in the Dayton Workhouse, suspended on the condition that he return to his trade and “refrain from such activities as has characterized his work at White CIty Park or any other place.”

The following week, Ella Westfall was also convicted on similar charges and sentenced to a year at Marysville Reformatory for Women.

The Stockton Club’s most notorious moment came the following New Year’s Eve when a free-for-all broke out during a dance. The Wolverines, led by Hamilton pianist Dud Mecum and featuring famed cornetist Bix Beiderbecke, were playing when “some two score revelers ‘opened up’”at the club, in which a dozen or more persons were injured, although only one person was reported to have gone to Mercy Hospital at 4 a.m., which the hospital denied, but many persons were seen out and about in Hamilton with bandages on their heads and with scars and bruises.

There was no official report or investigation of the incident, but the club closed in order to allow the alleged “rough-house” a chance to blow over.

One of the city’s big annual social events a century ago was the St. Mary’s Bazaar, held Thanksgiving weekend at the “modern-equipped parochial school” located at Sixth and High streets. The 1922 version included a sale of specially-made sweets and the nightly give-away of 16-pound turkeys. The classrooms of the school were transformed into live entertainment and game venues.

The chairman of the 1922 bazaar was Oscar Yordy of 1112 Hanover Street. On the final night of the event, spirits were high in the Yordy family as he took his wife Nora and two children--Mary, 11, and Howard, 8--home around 10:30 p.m. Although the hour was late, spirits were high and the children were eager to play with the prizes they had won.

Oscar let his wife and children out of the car at the garage door off the alley at the rear of the house and went about putting the machine away as Nora and the kids ran toward the front porch. The house was dark and the children raced ahead, stopping at the door to wait for their mother to open it.

Nora later told an Evening Journal reporter: “I was about to insert the key in the door latch when there was a flash and a red flame. The children cried for help and I also cried as I felt a sting on the left side of my chest above the heart.”

A .32 calibre bullet, after passing through the glass in the door speeded discreetly over the heads of the two children, who were standing in front of their mother. Had the ball been aimed a few inches lower it would have struck the boy in the head. Glass from the shattered window sprayed over the boy and girl, causing them to run screaming from the porch.

Fortunately, Nora was wearing a heavy winter coat, so the bullet glanced off her chest just above her heart and lodged in the folds of the collar of the coat. A brief moment later, above the sound of the children’s terror, Nora heard another shot.

“When I heard the second shot, I feared that my husband had been shot but thanks to Providence he was not,” Nora said. The burglar apparently fired the shot to draw attention away from his escape out the rear door of the house.

Upon hearing the shot followed by the screams of his wounded wife and horrified children, Mr. Yordy ran to the front of the house and caught his wife in his arms as she was slipping to the floor of the poch. Neighbors hastened to his aid and assisted him in carrying his wife into the house.

Mrs. Yordy partly recovered her composure and removed the bullet from her coat.

The police soon arrived at the Yordy home to find neighbors, clad in pajamas covered with overcoats, gathered about the Yordy home. The civilians eagerly assisted police in their search of the neighborhood for the burglar, but he had likely made his escape via the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks near the Yordy home. 

The Yordy family had left home at 7:30 p.m. that evening. One neighbor said he had seen a man lurking about the block around 8 p.m. that evening, and another told the family he saw a light in their home at 8:30 p.m. and saw a man with a cap walking around the house. Detectives Dulle and Miller were skeptical that a burglar would have remained in the house two hours, but the thoroughness with which the house was looted leads to the belief that the burglar spent at least one hour in the residence. Police deemed it possible that the burglar knew the Yordys’ involvement with the St. Mary’s Bazaar, thus knowing they’d be gone for the evening and expecting them to be late coming home.

Mrs. Yordy discovered that her Christmas savings, $52 that had been hidden beneath a carpet on the second floor, was the major loss of the evening, but more than one hundred pennies which had been saved by Mary, the daughter, were also stolen. The unexpected return of the Yordy family caused the burglar to abandon a quantity of valuable silverware that he had selected and tied in a bundle. Dresser drawers and contents of several cupboards were strewn about the floor. Every room had been thoroughly ransacked.

How the burlar gained entrance to the house remained a mystery. Mrs. Yordy stated she was sure all doors and windows were locked when she left the house. Investigation showed that at the time the burglar made his escape, two doors, one side and the other in the rear, were standing open. 

”I do not believe the burglar could see that it was a woman at the door or he would not have shot,” Mrs. Yordy said.

Police were entirely without clues to the identity of the burglar, but noted that the robbery and the shooting was the climax and outbreak of crime that had swept over the city for the past two weeks resulting in a long list of robberies, but that the Yordy case was the first in years where a burglar shot when cornered.

There were no other clues as Mrs. Yordy was unable to even a bare description of the burglar and the gun he used. She refused to be transported to the hospital for treatment, but Butler County Coroner Edward Cook arrived at the scene and treated her wound, which turned out to be remarkably slight, but she underwent a nervous collapse when realizing the narrow escape she had.

The incident seemed to spark a lull in a recent wave of home burglaries in the area. Citizens revealed that prior to the invasion of the Yordy home, several houses in the immediate area had been subject to similar ransackings, but the rest of the Thanksgiving weekend was largely quiet.

“There has not been a housebreaking job or a stick-up since Friday night,” acting police chief Charles Hermann reported Monday morning.

Hermann urged civilians to call headquarters and report suspicious characters loitering on the streets. He gave special instructions for officers to stop all strangers, require the stranger to give a good account of themselves or be taken to headquarters for loitering. 

“Our officers have been instructed to use their judgment,” Hermann said, “and it is unlikely that they will stop reputable citizens, but in event any should be stopped at a late hour at night, the patrolmen will immediately release them after their identity has been established. The citizens in general can do a whole lot to run suspicious characters out of the city if they will notify as soon as they discover the strangers. I want to urge citizens to call 220, the police number, when strangers are prowling about.”

The lull did not last long.

On Saturday, December 11, a similar incident occurred at 603 Ridgelawn Avenue on the West Side.

Heeding the chief’s warning, John and Allora Robbins left their home securely locked earlier in the evening when they went to visit Mrs. Robbins’s mother, Mrs. Charles Phillips on Grand Boulevard. Returning from the visit at 8 p.m., Mr. Robbins drove his car to a rented garage a few doors from their house.

After leaving the car in the garage, Mr. Robbins and his wife started on foot for their home, accompanied by their large dog. As they entered the front yard, Mrs. Robbins told her husband that she heard a noise on the front porch. She stopped while her husband started forward to investigate.

As Mr. Robbins approached the porch, the burglar jumped over the railing and fled toward the rear yard. Mr. Robbins started in pursuit, at the same time whistling for the dog to follow.

Man and dog were nearly upon the fleeing burglar, who suddenly fired a gun over his shoulder at them. THe bullet passed over Mr. Robbins’s head and whizzed by Mrs. Robbins, who was standing in the front yard, and embedded in a tree in their front yard. Being unarmed, Robbins gave up the pursuit and returned to the front of the house where his wife was crying hysterically for fear that her husband had been wounded.

Robbins quieted his wife, assuring her he was unharmed, then called the police. Detectives Morton and Nugent investigated along with officers Hufnagle and Dowling. Neighbors who had heard the shots joined in the investigation. Mrs. Robbins described the intruder as tall and slim.

Later that same night, William Quinlin returned to his home at 711 Prytania Avenue to find his home ransacked. Some jewelry and other items turned up missing with a value of around $100.

A locket stolen from the Quinlin home was found in a flower pot on the porch of the Robbins home, showing that the same man was on both jobs.

Across town at 425 North Fourth Street, Minnie McCauley also returned home about 10:30 p.m. after a day of visiting friends to find every room in her house in disorder. Dresser drawers were lying on the floors with the contents strewn about. Beds were upturned and every room in the house was in chaotic condition. The only thing missing was $50 in War Savings Stamps, which were non-negotiable except by the owner.

Two days later, another close call occurred on Hooven Avenue in Lindenwald. Gilbert Grevey, son of city safety director Henry Grevey, left his house with his wife to go over the books at his Market Street auto repair shop, certain that they had left the house secure. The couple returned home about 9:30 p.m., parked their car in the garage at the rear of the house and started to walk toward the kitchen and the back door. When about 20 feet from the house, Grevey noticed the door standing wide open. 

Fearing that the burglars would resort to shooting, Grevey cautioned his wife to remain in the yard while he entered the house.

As he stepped into the kitchen, he heard the robbers leaving the house by the front door. He started in pursuit, but after running a short distance he heard the cries of his wife and gave up pursuit. He returned to her side and she immediately fainted.

Police were on the scene within five minutes. The robbers had made off with over $1,000 in jewelry and silverware, a revolver, and $60 in cash. 

While these noted burglaries remained unsolved, for the last two weeks of the year, Hamilton police joined forces with agents of the National Detective agency to break up a gang of young men who had been terrorizing the city for the past two months with a string of robberies, burglaries, and automobile thefts.

The round-up started when National Detective agent G.W. Boggs, working on behalf of a Seven Mile garage, stationed men in Hamilton pool rooms and selected dives to pose as professional yeggs and listen in on conversations. The garage had been robbed of tires valued at $1,000 Within two weeks, Boggs had gathered enough evidence to implicate 20-year-old Clyde Truster of Seven Mile in the robbery, and he immediately confessed not only to that crime, but several others, implicating six other young men in a criminal ring that had been operating within a 30-mile radius of Hamilton.

Word got out quickly, and two of the men--Clyde Payne and Dillard Marcum, both of Hamilton--immediately stole a car from in front of the Hamilton Post Office and fled to Kentucky. They made it as far as Richmond when they rear-ended a gasoline truck, breaking off a valve and causing 500 gallons of gasoline to pour into the street. Marcum and Payne then fled on foot, but did not make it far. Hamilton detectives Riley and Morton went to Richmond and brought them back in the stolen auto.

They at first denied any involvement with the gang, but when confronted with Truster’s confession came clean and implicated several more men. By the time the investigation ended, fifteen members of the gang were indicted by the January 1923 term of the Butler County Grand Jury.

On the morning of Friday, December 1, 1922, the day after Thanksgiving, B&O Railroad switchman Columbus C. Goff noticed a white bundle lying on the west bank of the Great Miami River near the Champion Coated Paper mill, about a hundred feet or so south of the Black Street Bridge. It had been there the day before, and his curiosity finally got the best of him.

It was between 10 and 11 a.m. when he and two other railroad men scrambled down the river bank and discovered the body of a tiny baby girl, wrapped up in a blue and white blanket. The child had blue eyes and brown hair, dressed in a white knitted cap and a hand-stitched knitted jacket.

The baby was fully-developed and well-nourished. The clothes were new and of good quality. Coroner Edward Cook estimated it had been dead more than three days. 

“It is evident from the body's appearance that at one time the infant was the pride of an attentive mother,” Cook told the Daily News, “and that it is possible the mother, being in destitute circumstances, decided after the baby died to throw the body into the river to save the expense of burial.”

An autopsy later that day, however, proved that the baby had indeed drowned.

Hamilton City Police Detectives Charles Nugent and Carl Weismann were detailed to the case, but it would take nearly a year for their investigation to yield results.

For two weeks, Detective Nugent made the round of stores where infant clothes were sold. A clerk at McCrory’s finally identified the clothing as that sold to Miss Josephine Klenke, a nurse at the Mercy Hospital.

Nurse Klenke confirmed that a widowed young mother by the name of Hazel Southerland had given her a ten-dollar bill to buy some clothes for her newborn girl, and the investigation took off from there.

The October 1923 session of the Grand Jury issued a sealed indictment of first degree murder against Nancy McFadden, a single 25-year-old grocery store manager in the small mining town of Fariston, Kentucky, near London in Laurel County. 

On February 15, 1924, Butler County Sheriff Rudy Laubach and his chief detective Luther Epperson took a train to Laurel County to retrieve the young woman. 

Nancy McFadden protested her innocence, declaring that she had never even been with a man, much less bear a child, but her identity was confirmed by the doctors and nurses at Mercy Hospital and a taxi driver who dropped her off in the German Village district two nights before the railroad men discovered the baby’s body.

“I would rather die myself than take another life,”  Miss McFadden declared at the jail. “I never was a mother. I never was in your hospital here and never had any intentions of being married.”

Her voice was steady and showed no signs of emotion until she was asked whether or not she disposed of a baby to avoid scandal. Then signs of tears appeared in her eyes.

The investigation by detectives further revealed that on the morning of November 18, 1922, Nancy McFadden appeared at the boarding home run by Miss Molly Sandlin on North D Street where her sister Julia, who worked for the American Can Company, lived. She stayed for lunch. Nancy encouraged Julia to return to Fariston to care for their sick father (The following day, Mollie Sandlin accompanied Julia, who was fearful of traveling alone, as far as the depot in Cincinnati.) Nancy said she was on her way to New York City and left about 2 p.m., saying she was going to Middletown to visit a friend for the day. She left her luggage in her sister’s room, saying she would return later in the day to pick it up and resume her journey to New York.

Instead of Middletown, she went to Mercy Hospital, where she registered as Mrs. Hazel Southerland from Laurel County Kentucky.

She gave birth to a baby girl that afternoon, and afterward Nurse Klenke interviewed her to gather details for the birth certificate. Mrs. Sutherland said that she was on her way to visit a friend at 109 East Third Street in Dayton, but could go no further. She said that her husband, Robert, had died in August and that she was alone in the world.

Detective Nugent went to the Dayton address and discovered it was the YMCA.

Nurse Klenke would later testify, “She said that Robert Southerland was the father of the child but that he had died during August, a few months before. She gave her maiden name as Hazel Harkleroad and named her child Maybeth Southerland.

“She told me that her future address would be Dayton, Ohio.  Mrs. Southerland asked me to purchase some baby clothes for her child, giving me a ten dollar bill with which to purchase her clothing.” Nurse Klenke also said, “She didn’t seem to care much about the baby.”

Following the finding of the body and the identification of the clothing, Nurse Klenke and Nurse Catherine Ferris went to the morgue and viewed the body. 

“By the features and clothing worn by the child, we identified it as the one leaving the hospital with Hazel Southerland on the night of November 29,” she said.

After Nancy McFadden was taken into custody, the two nurses went to the jail, and Nurse Klenke determined: “She is the same woman. The speech of Miss McFadden resembles that of Mrs. Southerland, with a Kentucky brogue mixed with a Southern drawl.”

Herbert Padgen, the taxi driver, said that when he picked Nancy McFadden up at Mercy Hospital early on the evening of November 29, 1922, she carried a baby wrapped in a blanket. She told him to take her to Second and Black streets, but when he got to Vine she said, “This is far enough.” When she got out of the cab, she continued walking toward Black street. He turned up Vine and never saw her again.

Later that day before Thanksgiving and the railroad men first spotting the bundle on the riverbank, Nancy McFadden showed up again at the Sandlin boarding house again. She remained that night and the next day.

***

On Monday, May 20, 1924, Frances McFadden, 59, made her first trip to Hamilton to attend the trial of her daughter. Early that morning, Sheriff Laubach allowed the mother to enter the prisoner’s cell in the women’s quarters of the county jail, where they carried on a lengthy conversation. It was the first time the two had met since the daughter’s arrest in February. 

The McFaddens had lived on a farm of 15 acres at Fariston, which is a small railroad stop consisting of five stores, one of them a general store that the McFaddens owned. Mrs. McFadden told reporters that Nancy’s father had died just one month before she was taken into custody. Because Nancy had worked alongside her father since she was ten  years old, she took over the operation until her arrest. Since then, it had been necessary to sell the store and the farm.

Two other daughters, Mrs. Julia Childs and Miss Mary McFadden, traveled with her from Fariston. The other sister, Mrs. Rebecca Brock, mother of nine children, remained at home.

The courtroom was packed with spectators, many of them standing during the morning session of court and remaining until court recessed at noon. The majority of the spectators were women. 

Miss McFadden exhibited no signs of emotion when entering the courtroom. Her face was expressionless and her bearing characterized with the same indifference shown on previous appearances in court chambers.

Leading the defense team was Warren Gard, a former county judge and former U.S. Congressman, and brother of Homer Gard, publisher of one of the two local daily newspapers. In his opening statement, Gard said “that the defense of the woman will be a general denial of all allegations in the indictment contained.”

None of the witnesses except for the hospital staff could say that Nancy was noticeably pregnant or otherwise ill during her time in Hamilton. Prosecutor P.P. Boli tried to get Miss Sandlin to say she believed Nancy McFadden was the mother of the child found in the river, but Gard’s objection was sustained.

The star witness for the defense was Frances McFadden, who said that her daughter left for Hamilton in November 1922, on a Saturday morning at 2 a.m., but she did not recall the exact date. On a previous visit to Hamilton, Nancy had stayed for about seven months, working at the American Can Company plant. On this occasion, she was going to visit a friend in Middletown, Margaret Baker.

She said that Nancy returned to their home in Fariston on a Monday, two weeks and two days after leaving. She testified that she was not aware that her daughter was pregnant and if anyone in Fariston knew such a thing, they never told her about it.

Mrs. McFadden told of the acquaintance of her family with Killius Harkleroad, a young Kentucky man. They had known him about seven or eight years, a distant relative of the McFadden family. She said that Nancy had kept “steady company” with “Kil.” Mrs. McFadden also said that there was a family of Southerlands in Fariston.

Nancy McFadden helped her mother from the stand after her testimony, then resumed her seat near her counsel, her mother remaining in the courtroom near her daughter for the remainder of the trial. Nancy McFadden did not take the stand in her own defense.

In his forty-five minute closing argument, Warren Gard Scored what he termed was the insufficient evidence produced by the state and attacked detectives and other officers accusing them of hounding the girl on trial. He said it was a stale case and asked the jury to return an acquittal. 

Court recessed 4:30 p.m. on Thursday, the fourth day of the trial, at the conclusion of his argument. The courtroom was jammed and entrances to the space inside the railing were roped off against the onrush of Spectators. Women fought for position and quiet among Spectators was ordered several times by Sheriff Rudy Laubach.

The jury retired for deliberations at 11:30 a.m. Thursday, and deliberate for a total of six hours. Most of the time, they deliberated over the manslaughter charges, casting thirty-one ballots before coming to agreement.

At 7:30 p.m., the jury of seven women and five men returned a verdict of “not guilty.”

“As a sudden clearing of a troubled sky,” the Evening Journal reported, “the countenance of Miss Nancy McFadden, submerged during the day in gloom, even despair, brightened. Color came into her cheeks as relatives and friends hastened to her, shaking her hand.

“No one, of course, was more pleased with the verdict than her mother, who sat by her daughter during the trial.

“I’m going back to Kentucky and I’m going to stay there,” Nancy McFadden told reporters as she left the courtroom at 8:15 p.m. As she passed through the door, one juror said, “Now, Nancy go back home and be a good little girl.”

Nancy ardently shook the juror’s hand and said, “I’ve always been a good little girl.”

After a quiet reception at the courthouse, the McFadden clan went to the home of a cousin on Pine Street where they spent the night. The next morning, the mother and three sisters caught the 6:05 train south.

On June 6, Nancy McFadden married her sweetheart Killius Harkleroad at Fariston. Together, they had eleven children in Fariston, but sometime after 1946 returned to Hamilton to live. Nancy Harkleroad died in Hamilton in 1966. Her husband, Killius (sometimes in public records Killus or Achilles) died in Hamilton in 1970. Both are buried in the McFadden family cemetery in Fariston.

The high levels of Prohibition crime and vice in Hamilton may have compelled the local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan to threaten intercession as the winter of 1922 approached. Either that, or some entity used the fear of the Klan to spur the local police to clean up the city.

Henry Grevey, the city’s safety director in charge of the police and fire departments, received a letter postmarked 7:30 a.m. December 7, 1922 from the “Grand Goblin of the Hamilton Conclave of the Ku Klux Klan” making direct accusations that city officials knew of flourishing vice rings, giving Grevey 48 hours to take action. Ghile discussing other matters with the local press, Grevey made a passing remark of its receipt that piqued the interest of the local news mongers.

While refusing to detail the contents, Grevey waved the type-written one page missive as he spoke, allowing reporters a quick glance but they were not able to make out any words, though they were able to see that it did not contain a hand-written signature. 

“I will not make public the contents of the letter,” Grevey told them, and when pressed conceded that the letter requested he do “certain things” and that if he did not do them that “violence will result.” His last word on the subject that morning came out  as a bit of word salad: “If the things which the letter demand that I do did exist here, I do not hesitate to say that those who wrote the letter would not do the things which they demand that I do.”

Grevey stated that he did not believe that the letter actually came from the Ku Klux Klan, saying that it just as likely came from “a personal enemy or the holder of a grudge.”

A threat from the Ku Klux Klan was no small thing at the time. The organization first formed at the close of the Civil War, almost entirely in the former Confederate states, in response to Northern interference in Southern affairs and the political power beginning to be wielded by former slaves and other black individuals.Its publications called for “the reenfranchisement [sic] and emancipation of the white men of the South, and the restitution of the Southern people to all their rights.”

By the mid-1870s, after a wave of prosecutions for lynchings and other crimes, a federal court designated the Klan as a “terrorist organization,” and the national association (which once boasted over a half-million members) had disbanded, though lone individuals still wreaked havoc under its name.

The group went through a resurgence in 1915 after D.W. Griffiths’s controversial film “Birth of a Nation” glorified the Klan as a heroic effort to restore American values and white supremacy. The resurgence began in the South, but by the 1920s had spread nationwide and was particularly strong in the Midwest as Southern laborers migrated in search of factory jobs.

This new Klan, while still endorsing white supremacy, focused its efforts upholding a level of morality in support of “Christian values,” although no organized church would offer outright support. There were many reports from Indiana of groups of Klansmen in full regalia marching into a church at offering time and dropping an envelope of cash into the collection plate. One report in September 1922 from Brookville, Indiana, told of six hooded men marching up the aisle of a German Lutheran church while the last hymn was being sung and handing the minister an envelope containing $50 (nearly $800 in current value).

“As they were escaping,” the Hamilton Evening Journal reported, “an attempt was made to pull the mast from one of the members of the order, and a general fight started. After knocking down several men, the masked men departed... Trustees of the church are to conduct a meeting to decide what will be done with the money.”

With its new foundation of morality, membership in the new Klan burgeoned with the advent of prohibition and in some parts of the country its members went to war against bootleggers and moonshiners, conducting their own search-and-destroy missions. While still maintaining an air of secrecy and remaining non-partisan politically, the Klan openly endorsed or condemned issues and candidates in local elections, and in several Ohio cities--Youngstown, Newark, Portsmouth, and Steubenville, to name a few--the word of the Klan held considerable sway and helped elect mayors and school board members.

The new Klan inspired both fear and derision. An August 1922 editorial in the Hamilton Daily News, the Republican organ, chided what it dubbed “the pajama movement” and called its members “kookoos,” noting that “Flour bags are continuing to be big sellers for men’s suitings [sic] in various parts of the country... There are evidently plenty of male persons who like to dress so they look more like vanilla ice cream cones than human beings.”

At the time Grevey received the letter, a Klan leader and former Louisiana mayor was on trial for the murder and kidnapping of two outspoken anti-Klan men in Mer Rouge Parish, but the group’s presence was also palpable locally. The funeral of an Oxford Klan member garnered press by the “awe-inspiring spectacle” of over 100 men in “picturesque robes and hoods” and a Klan band marching at the head of the procession from the Presbyterian church in College Corner to the cemetery. 

So after the first day’s reporting of the secret letter, Grevey grudgingly succumbed to the publicity and other untold pressures to reveal its contents. “The consternation existing among city officials was given an added velocity,” the Daily News reported, “when it was learned that several prominent Hamiltonians, alleged to be members of the Ku Klux Klan, admitted that the letter was no surprise to them, as they have been expecting it for several weeks.”

The following day, December 8, Grevey announced that he had detailed officers and detectives to investigate the Ludlow Street house “and they reported they were unable to locate such a place. Hamilton, from a moral standpoint, is cleaner now than it has been in the history of the city.”

The letter claimed that there were 5,000 Klansmen in Butler County, but Grevey said the actual number was somewhere between 500 and 1,500. The letter made it “vividly clear” that Hamilton was known throughout the country as “a haven for human derelicts and a port of refuge” for women of a lower class. The letter, Grevey revealed, made the direct accusation that city officials “knew of and countenanced” the operation of vice rings flourishing in Hamilton, and cited the addresses of several “resorts” within the city limits. The writer of the letter was particularly incensed that these houses, once confined to the area of town known as “the jungles,” have become so profitable that new ones were openging on “some of the most prominent streets of the city,” including Market Street, Maple Avenue, and Ludlow Street, under the full view if not the endorsement of the police.

“The Ludlow Street resort,” the Daily News reported, “was operated probably on a larger scale than the others... being operated by a man (“a Greek,” according to the rival Evening Journal) who was formerly the proprietor of a restaurant in Hamilton, but finding his present pursuit for profit abandoned the restaurants to enter into the field that knows no bounds in Hamilton.”

These houses, the letter continued, were during the war somewhat discreet as to their operations, but since the advent of Prohibition “all barriers of secrecy have been torn down and that at present the frequenters of these places come and go at their will and with no attempt to cover their intentions.”

The letter said that unless the women and girls in these resorts were called in by the police and ordered to leave town immediately, the Klan would take the initiative of driving them out.

The letter requested that the police do their duty and that unless this “scourge” was driven from the city within forty-eight hours, twenty-four of which had already passed, action would be taken by members of the Klan, but the letter did not specify what kind of action. “It is not the purpose of the organization to make threats,” it read, “but only to issue warnings.” 

“There is no action that I can take to answer the demands of the warning letter,” Grevey said, “as the conditions of which they speak of have been fought by the department since my reign as safety director.

“I know of no commercialized vice existing in Hamilton,” he said. “To my knowledge all disorderly houses in the city are closed. It has always been my aim and ambition to run bootleggers and prostitutes out of Hamilton. If they exist here they are doing so under no protection of the police. It is a very difficult matter to place such a charge against any woman or girl. 

“Not so long ago, the police department was on the verge of entering into a lawsuit for sending officers into houses where it was stated that vice existed. The landlords of these houses came to me and demanded that I show what authority I had to enter their premises and threatened to bring suit for defaming their property. It is an easy matter for someone to write and request that city officials judge who are the guilty parties and who are not. All that I have to say on that point is that I extend an open invitation to anyone to come to this office and determine who are the prostitutes referred to in the letter. I challenge them to judge who is a prostitute and who is not.”

Grevey called suggestions that he employ a bodyguard to protect himself “ridiculous.” He said that while he personally kept possession of the letter it had been examined by police detectives and other experts but there were no clues such as “peculiar typographical marks” to identify the writer of the letter.

Hamilton police were “more than slightly perturbed” at the allegations made in the letter, which they gave “but slight regard,” the Daily News reported. They were given orders to maintain an acute vigil Friday night for any sign of Klan activity, but were not given any special instructions regarding the alleged houses targeted by the letter. Nothing of any import transpired.

On Saturday, Grevey and the Daily News received another letter, this time on Ku Klux Klan letterhead and bearing an “official seal” and hand-written signatures but no names, attributing itself to the “Klabee.” The Daily News said it was apparent that the writer of this second letter was not entirely familiar with the contents of the first letter but had “a better than average” education. This second letter denied that the first had come from anyone in the Klan, claimed that there was no “Grand Goblin,” and that it was all propaganda to belittle the Ku Klux Klan.

The letter did note, however, that it was in agreement with the sentiments of the first: “Our investigation committee has been investigating the conditions in Hamilton for the past eight months and we do find Hamilton needs a little cleaning up campaign, starting at the City Building first.

“We do not send threats to anyone. We are strictly law-abiding citizens and expect to remain such.”

The forty-eight hour deadline passed with no incident, and the Klan threat passed, but the group maintained an active presence in Butler County. The following summer, the Ku Klux Klansmen of the Miami Valley hosted the biggest Klan rally in Ohio’s history in Miltonville, north of Trenton, when a reported 3,000 members, including 1,500 women, were inducted into membership. Robed Klansmen stationed themselves at the crossroads from the Middletown Pike to the event to direct traffic to the site, a country country hillside that allowed interested non-Klan citizens to gather on the opposite hillside to watch the pompous ceremony. 

A moonshine party ended in tragedy for a Hamilton man at Coke Otto*, Christmas Day 1922.

It was a complicated web of apparently strained relationships that led to the fatal soiree, centered on an enclave of families who had come to Hamilton the prior decade from Estill County, Kentucky.

Wade Wells, 42, was married to the former Nannie Reed, 35, but at the time of the tragedy they were living apart. Wade lived with the kids--daughters Viola, 15 and Alma, 13, and a son Edward, 8--in a house at 1123 South Twelfth Street, a block from the  Miami and Erie Canal near Grand Boulevard. Nannie was then living at her mother-in-law Minnie Wells’s boarding house at 1130 South Twelfth Street, just across the street and two doors closer to Grand. Wade for a time operated a pool room at 1330 Grand, right on the canal, but at the time of the tragedy was working in a different pool hall, and had on Christmas afternoon served drinks to the men who would, according to the county prosecutor, soon conspire to assassinate him.

Nannie, living in her mother-in-law’s home, was also caring for her four-year-old niece, Iona. The child’s mother, Nannie’s sister Maggie, had died in March that year. Also living at Minnie Wells’s boarding house was the father of the child, Maggie’s widowed husband Harlan Miller. Harlan’s cousin Clarence Miller, 26, who for some unexplained reason was called “Diver,” lived with his sister and brother-in-law and their family at 1125 South Twelfth Street, next door to Wade Wells. 

From the newspaper reports and genealogy records, it’s hard to suss out the exact interpersonal dynamics that led to this odd circumstance, but there were rumors, denied by Harlan and Nannie, that the two were intimate with each other.

Nevertheless, Harlan, Nannie, Clarence Miller and some other folks in the neighborhood (least one of “the Lainhart boys”) left Hamilton about 10 p.m. Christmas day to go to what the newspapers reported to be a dance or an orgy, but from all indications it was a gather based more on moonshine than music or sex. Reports estimated the attendance at between twenty-five and fifty, and one person commented that there were only about seven women in the bunch.

The party was in the small four-room cottage a block north of Augspurger Road belonging to one Andy Gibbs. All of the furniture had been removed from two rooms to make space for dancers. The shooting occurred in a small room between the kitchen and one of the dancing rooms. Gibbs would later tell police that he did not know anyone at the party, that the dance had been arranged by Minnie Burnett, a neighbor girl, who promised there would be “no drinking or any trouble.”

In the ensuing investigation, however, Deputy Sheriff Harry Getz would discover that there had been complaints from the neighbors of alleged “orgies” held in the Gibbs home during the last several months. “The neighbors said that they could see the partiers waving large guns and hear them shouting hilariously when the festivities were at their zenith,” the Hamilton Daily News reported.

William Lainhart, another Kentucky boy living in East Hamilton said that he was at a dance at Grover Alexander’s house on South Seventh Street, when Harlan Miller picked him up in his automobile to go to Coke Otto (now New Miami). Also in the car was Harlan’s cousin Clarence and Nannie Wells. Lainhart reported that on the ride, one of the Millers remarked, “We’ll go in and tear the dance up,” and Mrs. Wells said, “Yes, the last time I was there, they ran me off.” Lainhart said that he asked Clarence for a light for his cigarette and Clarence replied by flashing a pistol in his coat pocket and made some remark like, “Light this up.”

Clarence would later testify in court that he only had the gun because he was at a shooting contest earlier in the day and forgot to take it home. Likewise, cousin Harlan would testify that the only reason had a gun that night was because he was shooting rabbits at his father’s house on the New London Pike earlier that morning.

It’s not clear how well-oiled the party was before arriving at Coke Otto, but there certainly was some oiling going on. Both of the Miller boys would confess to have been drinking much of the day and the white dog seemed to be flowing freely in that tiny Coke-Otto shack. At any rate, they weren’t there very long before the bullets started flying.

It seems that the mere appearance of Clarence, Harlan, and Nannie added an air of tension to the gathering. “Feeling was waxing warm and hilarity running high,” until they got there. Several of the partiers left the house. When they arrived. “Everyone there seemed soused and personal remarks were being freely exchanged,” the Daily News reported. Having been married to sisters, both native of Estill County and living on the same block, Wade Wells and Harlan Miller knew each other well and for a long time, and witnesses would say that they did not get along well. Between Maggie’s death and Nannie’s moving out, Harlan began spending a lot of time at the Wells home, presumably for help caring for baby Iona, but Wade Wells, people would say, blamed Harlan Miller for alienating his wife’s affections. Harlan would later insist there was no ill-feeling between them, though that claim is hard to believe in light of what transpired.

Witnesses said there was a short and heated conversation between Harlan and Wade in one of the dancing rooms emptied of furniture that resulted in Harlan pulling out his pistol and firing four or five shots into the floor at Wade’s feet. At that point, the house emptied in a rush.

At both trials that followed in the spring, Harlan confessed to firing the shots, and said Wells started after him, grabbed him by the neck and wheeled him around and their grappling moved them into a smaller room leading to the kitchen. Wells had apparently also drawn a revolver. 

When he took the witness stand in his own defense, Clarence would testify that he was in a small room between the dancing room and the kitchen, and between the cigarette smoke and the smoke from the gun, which he believed at the time had been fired by Wells, “that I could only vaguely see him and my cousin wrestling about the room,” that Wade Wells had Harlan by the neck and was swinging him around.

Nannie tried to get between the two men, at the same time, Nannie had grabbed her husband’s hand with the gun and pushed it up in the air. When she did this, Harlan broke free from Wells’s grip and fled outside. 

“I do not know or do not remember whether or not Harlan Miller had a gun at the time he grappled with Wells,” Clarence testified, and said he watched as Harlan broke free and ran out of the house. Wade Wells then pointed a gun at him and so he took his gun out of his coat pocket. He heard someone shout “Don’t shoot!” but then one of the Lainhart boys bumped his hand and the gun discharged when he was five or six feet from Wells. He saw Wells lunge toward the wall. “I did not know whether or not I hit the man. Right after I fired my gun, Wade Wells slipped to the floor. 

Witnesses, however, said that while Harlan Miller grappled with Wells and had him in a headlock, Clarence fired a shot into his head at point blank range. Lainhart, who came to the party with the Millers, said that he saw Clarence pull the revolver from an inside coat pocket and said, “Don’t do that, Diver,” and made a move for the gun, but missed. Evan Wells, Wade’s brother, said he also told Clarence not to get involved in the scuffle, but let Nannie break them up.

After the shot had been fired, Nannie screamed, “Diver, you have killed Wade.”

When Deputy Sheriff Harry Getz went to the house shortly after the shooting, he would tell the Daily News, he looked upon “a repulsive scene... Empty bottles were strewn about the bare floors. Cigarette butts and cigar stubs were thrown promiscuously about the house, which was fettered with torn and discarded Christmas decorations.”

In the room where the shooting took place, the walls were punctured with bullet holes and the floor was spattered with blotches of blood, showing that the body had been moved after the shooting. Several of the guests had returned to the house and from a large galvanized bucket were washing the coagulated blood from Wells’s face and head alongside Nannie Wells, his estranged wife, who was near hysterics, telling the deputy that she was between Harlan and her husband, trying to separate them, when the fatal shot was fired. Coroner Edward Cook arrived at the scene, observed that a large portion of the scalp was loose around the wound. Wells died on the way to the hospital.

Immediately after that shot had been fired, Harlan and Clarence made a hasty retreat in Harlan’s car and beat it back to Hamilton, but another of the guests, John McGuire, followed them into town and at East Avenue and Grand Boulevard he met up with Officers Heber Jones and Levi Justice, who had just placed two men under arrest on unspecified charges. Justice took sole charge of those prisoners and Jones joined McGuire in the search for the Miller cousins. 

They spotted the fugitive automobile near the Miami and Erie Canal at Grand Boulevard. Clarence Miller leaped from the automobile and ran toward the canal bank. Jones took up foot pursuit. He fired a warning shot, but Miller kept running and tossed his gun into the weeds. They vaulted fences and waded through giant puddles before Jones caught up with him. After walking him back to McGuire’s automobile, Jones retrieved Miller’s revolver. One shot had been fired from it.

In the police station Tuesday morning, Clarence Miller was “in a maudlin state and not having emerged from a stupor from the effects of moonshine.”

Miller told acting chief of police Charles Hermann that he fired a shot after Wells had fired four shots into the floor, was not sure whether or not it was this shot that killed Wells.

When arrested Tuesday morning, Harlan Miller appeared to still be drunk and denied to the arresting officers that he had a gun or fired any shots during the time he was at the party. He later changed his story and told Desk Sergeant Earl Welsh that he did have a gun at the dance and that he had fired several shots into the floor, but not at Wells. He only fired four shots because he had shot a rabbit at his dad’s house. Officers Jones and Justice then went to the house where Miller lived and recovered the gun Miller said he had at the party. When Miller’s sister brought the gun, it wasn’t loaded, but was dirty and looked to have been recently discharged.

He said that he heard another shot, but did not know that Wells had been killed until the arresting officers told him. He denied that he had been keeping company with Mrs. Wells or that he had taken her to dances or automobile riding alone.

Clarence Miller and his cousin Harlan were indicted together on charges of second degree murder but were given separate trials. Prosecutor Peter P. Boli argued both times that the cousins went to the party specifically to murder Wade Wells and the four shots into the floor were a signal for Clarence to step in and do Harlan’s dirty work.

Both juries believed him and in short order--in one case after a mere 45 minutes of deliberation--convicted both, and both received life sentences. Harlan was given a “Christmas parole” twelve years after the killing, 1934. He died in Hamilton in 1949. It’s not clear when Clarence was released, but by the 1940 census, he was back on the family farm in Estill County, Kentucky, where he died in 1977.

*From Jim Blount’s Dictionary of Place names: Coke Otto also was known as Otto and Kokotto before its name was changed to New Miami in January 1929 when the village was incorporated. The community started in 1900 with the development of the Hamilton Otto Coke Co., which manufactured gas for distribution in the City of Hamilton. The village expanded with the opening of the Hamilton Iron and Steel Co. (which became part of Armco in June 1936). The name Coke Otto was taken from the coke and gas process, identified as an Otto Hoffman coke and gas plant. The village was built on both the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad and often has been listed as New River Junction in railroad schedules. The name Otto was used to identify the community in some newspaper articles in the early 1900s. Kokotto was an alternative for Coke Otto.

As the year 1923 rang in, Hamilton police continued their crackdown on a string of local robberies and auto thefts, and there were seven young but desperate criminals in the city lock-up awaiting trials and arraignments.

The newest arrivals were a pair of ne’er-do-wells by the name of Everett “Bud” Adams and Sam Sloane, both of whom had long rap sheets. Acting Police Chief Charles Hermann called them “desperate characters” and ringleaders of a gang of burglars and robbers that were uncovered in the waning weeks of 1922 when National Detective agent G.W. Boggs set up an operation that led to the arrest of 20-year-old Clyde Truster of Seven Mile in the robbery of tires from a garage there. He sang like a canary and before the year was out, fifteen members of the gang had been arrested on various charges.

Sam Sloane, 19, who also went by Sam Jones, was first arrested April 5, 1919 by Merchant Policeman Harry Balser when he tried to rob a downtown store. The following September, he was arrested for stealing an automobile belonging to Lou Wittman, a local businessman who would, in an unrelated incident, was acquitted of murder in a love triangle incident. When his car was stolen, however, he did not press charges against Sloane.

Sloane was also part of a gang of armed robbers who hit two Hamilton grocery stores in the spring of 1921. Sloane, John Falconi, and Edward Arthur were arrested for robbing the store of Gus Pappas on March 29 that year, and then on April 8, Sloan and William Thomas robbed Eugene Mau’s grocery store. Mau was wounded in that escapade. Sloane confessed to both capers and was sentenced by Judge Clarence Murphy to a term in Mansfield. He was not sent to prison right away, however, as he was to be the chief witness against Falconi, the reported mastermind of the Pappas robbery. In the meantime, Judge Murphy missed five months on the bench for medical reasons, and when he returned, he suspended the rest of Sloane’s sentence because he had spent seven months in the county lock-up. There was not enough evidence to try him for his role in the Mau case, but Thomas was sentenced to a term in Mansfield, serving 14 months.

When arrested in late December 1922, Sloane was free on a $2,000 bond for the burglary of a residence at Second and Market streets.

Bud Adams’s record included robbing the Grand Theatre in February 1919 (a charge that was ignored by the grand jury), for stealing an automobile in December 1920, for which he was sentenced to 14 months Mansfield in March 1921. Cincinnati authorities arrested Adams on August 18, 1922 for petty theft and was sentenced to 30 days in the workhouse.

Also in the city holding cells on January 2, 1923, were fellow gang members Dillard Marcum and Clyde Payne, the latter sitting in jail on an indictment for stealing the automobile of Tad Jones, Middletown High School’s football coach. He also had a pending case of disorderly conduct and was given a deferred sentence for stealing $2,000 worth of silverware from the Lowenstein department store.

With this quartet and three others out of business, Hamilton police officials noted that there had not been a single robbery or burglary reported in the last two weeks of 1922. Acting Chief Hermann said his detectives were working to uncover a “fence” in Columbus who had been working with this gang to dispose of merchandise. Hermann said he believed that virtually all of the jewelry stolen from Hamilton homes has been disposed of by these fences.

Police were also investigating undisclosed locations in Kentucky where the gang had delivered at least 25 stolen automobiles.

On the afternoon of January 2, 1923, Officer Tully Huber, who was the only man on duty in the city jail, was called away to investigate a petty theft in a downtown store. As he was returning and passing the rear of the jail, his suspicions were aroused when he saw a man running through the alley in the direction of High Street. Instead of investigating and to distract attention the officer walked by the prison and entered the door leading to the desk sergeant’s office. Huber then heard a persistent tapping and the loud singing of a lively popular jazz tune, apparently an attempt to cover up the sounds of the tapping. 

Firm in his belief that an escape was being planned, Officer Huber waited a few minutes, then returned to the alley. Once in front of the window he gave a low whistle. He was immediately answered by a similar whistle from the interior of the prison. Hardly had the Echoes of the whistle faded when a heavy plank that had been used as a bench in the jail crashed against the screen leading to the alley. Huber then noticed that the bars had spread in the screen torn loose. He hastened to the station house, enlisted the aid of desk sergeant Frank Feimeyer, Acting Chief Hermann and two other officers and they all rushed to the cell room.

Had another minute passed, the quartet of Sloane, Adams, Marcum and Payne would have succeeded in their escape. While they had been pounding away with the bench plank at the bars, the outside accomplice was dexterously engaged and removing the iron bolts that held the screen to an iron frame in the window case. The bars had been spread enough for a body to pass through.

Quietly slipping the key into the lock on the door leading to the prison, the officers, with drawn guns, flung the iron door wide open.

Adams and Payne immediately dropped the plank when the officers opened the door. Marcum and Sloan suddenly abandoned their singing and raised their hands in the air when confronted with the pistols in the hands of the officers. 

The four men were locked in solitary confinement until their removal to the county jail, displaying slight concern over the frustration of their delivery plot.

As they were being led away into a police automobile, Adams quipped, “We get a taxi ride!”

“We'll now take a  look at Rudy's place,” Marcum said, referring to Butler County Sheriff Rudy Laubach. Markham grinned slyly And “Sloane tripped into the police wagon with a peculiar lightness,” the Daily News reported.

On January 5, Archie Payne, 17, was sentenced to two-to-twenty years at the Mansfield reformatory for two counts of robbery and one count of highway robbery. He would spend the next 20 years in and out of prison.

His brother Clyde, who participated in the attempted delivery, received as six-year sentence for burglary and larceny. In 1936, he was arrested again for possession of stolen property and returned to prison for another ten-year term.

Bud Adams was convicted of auto theft in March 1923 and sent to the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. In 1928, he was found in a coma in his cell and later died from the effects of drinking “orange blossom” cocktails mixed with fermented orange juice and wood alcohol.

Sam Sloane was also sentenced to a term in Mansfield for his part in the theft ring, was paroled after three years, then spent the rest of his life in an out of prison. In 1932, he was critically wounded by a gunshot from Patrolman James Hoskins while he was robbing the Ribar Drug Store at Central Avenue and Hanover Street. He survived for a time, was sent back to prison, and died five years later from complications.

On April 20, 1023, Dillard Marcum was given an indeterminate sentence to the Mansfield reformatory for automobile theft. He escaped two months later. Nine years after that, he was arrested on a charge of transporting liquor and sent back to the penitentiary. He died in 1951 when he ran his automobile into the back of a truck at the corner of Ohio 4 and Kemper Road in Springdale.

Of the entire gang, only Clyde Truster, who blew the whistle on all of them, seems to have turned his life around, moving to a tenant farm in Elk Creek, Ohio, in 1930. He died in 1967 and is buried in Collinsville, Ohio.

Shifty dry Officers make trouble for pastor

There were so many mayors and justice of the peace courts operating under the Crabbe Act, the Ohio law enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, that agents were in high demand and the standards for admission low.

None of the reports of the Rothermel affair ever stated exactly what previous work Cincinnati men Hayes Perkins, 45, and David E. Goodwin, 42, had qualified them as dry agents. Their driver, the Reverend E.J. Williams, who helped them conduct searches on their raids, was the minister of the Methodist Church of Amanda near Middletown, and he had a car and a desire to enforce the laws of prohibition.

Yet there they were, 9 a.m. on the morning of Friday, January 19, 1923, knocking on the door at 1209 Grand Boulevard in Hamilton, the home of Culla “Jack” and Mabel Rothermel. 

Rothermel, a machinist for the Hamilton Tool and Die Company, demanded to see their credentials. They showed him a warrant signed by Mayor William Stewart of Monroe. They had brought the warrant to Mayor Stewart, based upon information provided in a raid they had made on a Hamilton cafe earlier in the week. After carefully reading the document, Rothermel allowed the men to search his home for liquor, which they did for three hours.

Mabel was washing dishes. Perkins, who seemed to be in charge, said that he smelled the odor of whiskey emanating from the drain. He and Goodwin began scouring the parlor and kitchen for hiding places while the Rev. Williams went upstairs. Mabel Rothermel followed him closely as he found several hundred dollars in bundles, one under a pillow and one in a dresser. He also found a gun under the pillow. He left everything intact. Mabel gave him a key to the attic and he searched up there.

Perkins, who seemed to be in charge, and Goodwin scoured the first floor and then the cellar. They discovered several places where the dirt was soft as if there had been some digging going on, so they took shovels and removed all the loose dirt in two different places. Mrs. Rothermel sneaked down the stairs twice while they were digging. She could hear them quietly talking but could not make out what they were saying.

They found no liquor, but two jars containing bundles of money.

Goodwin and Perkins came up and sat down on a sofa in the parlor, saying they were tired after their hard work. They set the jars with the money on a table. The Rev. Williams told them about the bundles of money he found upstairs. Perkins intimated that having that much money hidden was reason enough to arrest Rothermel and his wife, but the conversation was otherwise casual and cordial. Rothermel said that he didn’t trust banks, that it was his money and none of their business where it came from.

The dry agents said Rothermel brought it up, but Rothermel would testify that the agents started the conversation about Rothermel joining their raiding squad. Rothermel, in the agents’ version, said he would help them find some stills in the area, that he knew of at least sixteen. Rothermel said that Perkins asked, “Do you know if there are a lot of Stills and moonshine around here?” Rothermel would testify that he replied, “ I surely do-- plenty.”  

Perkins then said, “You’d make a good man on our team.” 

“How much is in it?” Rothermel asked.

Perkins said they got 15 percent of all the fines collected and that they shared the money equally.

After a time, Goodwin went out of the house and around the back to the coal shed. A few minutes later, he came back with a pint bottle half full of clear liquid. He said it was moonshine. The agents passed the bottle around and Rev. Williams stuck it in his back pocket.

Perkins finally decided that there wasn’t enough evidence to arrest Rothelmel this time, and one by one the officers made their way out to Williams’s car, Rothermel following. By this time, several of the neighbors had gathered around their house, drawn there by the strange activity.

As Williams began to start the machine, Mabel Rothermel came running out of the house waving fistfuls of money in each hand.

“It’s not all here,” she cried. The Rothermels accused the agents of skimming money from their personal treasury. He told a neighbor, Joe Engel, to call the police and demanded that the three men go back into the house to wait for them.

They did. They all took off their coats and emptied their pockets to show that they did not have the money. Mr. and Mrs. Rothermel the neighbor Engel would all testify that when the men took off their shoes, Goodwin had $160 hidden in his right shoe.

When Hamilton Police Officers Keating and Leonard arrived, Rothermel and the officers were in the kitchen, a pile of money lying on the table. Rothermel insisted that the money be counted in the presence of the officers. There was exactly $4,800. The Rothermels were satisfied that this was their entire stash and that he would not press charges against the agents.

The Hamilton officers asked the dry agents if they had any evidence to arrest the Rothermels. They said they did not.

By this time, the crowd outside the house had begun to grow restless and infuriated, and the party inside the house could hear threats being hurled at the prohibition officers with cries of “Frame-up!” rising up.

Under the protection of the uniformed officers, the three dry agents, five hours after they first knocked on the Rothermal door, made a hasty retreat for the Reverend’s automobile, which closely followed the police machine down Grand Boulevard.

Rothermel apparently began to have second thoughts about the whole matter, and the following day he went to police headquarters and swore out warrants charging Hayes Perkins, David E. Goodwin, and the Reverend Williams with larceny for illegally threatening to confiscate his money without any evidence of bootlegging, moonshining, or any other illegal act.

Before delivering the warrants and arresting the men, Hamilton Police Detectives Herman Dulle and Al Mueller paid a visit to Monroe Mayor William Stewart.

The mayor informed them that Perkins and Goodwin had previously brought warrants to his court that have resulted in arrests and fines, but that he could not vouch for the Reverend Williams, that he was not a sworn officer of the court but was hired merely as a driver out of his interest in driving out bootleggers and moonshiners.

On Monday, Rothermel went with Dulle and Mueller to a Ludlow Street address in Cincinnati where the two men were supposed to live so that he could identify them. They were accompanied by two detectives from Cincinnati. They knew Perkins and didn’t seem to like him much. He had worked as a prohibition officer in several jurisdictions and had bragged to the detectives that it was because of him that Middletown no longer had any bootleggers or moonshiners.

A few weeks previous, Cincinnati police had arrested Perkins on a charge of having struck an elderly Bond Hill woman whose home he assisted in rating. In that case, too, the raiders found no evidence of liquor or liquor production. No evidence was found in the mire home. Perkins was given a heavy fine for his action.

As they climbed the steps to the landing at the third floor, Perkins came out of a dimly lit room and demanded to know their authority. Without a word, one of the Cincinnati officers grabbed Perkins by the arm and pinned him to the wall while the other detective searched him.

At first, Perkins denied knowing where Goodwin was, but with a little persuasion, he led them into a dirty, disheveled room littered with empty bottles, broken dishes, and cigarette butts, and where Goodwin was lying on a bed. The detectives tried to rouse  him, but he was so intoxicated that he could not comprehend the situation. There was a pistol under his pillow. Clothes and shoes were strewn everywhere and collars and ties were suspended from a tarnished gas fixture.

After tucking the duo snugly into the Hamilton city jail, Dulle and Mueller went to the Reverend Williams’s home on the Dixie Highway, two miles south of Middletown. Williams would be released within an hour when a devoted parishioner put up the $10,000 bond.

“When I wage war against the bootleggers in the future,” he told reporters on his way out, “the maneuvers will be directed from the pulpit and not from the field.”

Goodwin and Perkins remained in jail until their preliminary hearing. 

Some 200 according to the Daily News, or 300, according to the Evening Journal, “eager and curious persons” packed the municipal courtroom of Judge Kautz for that hearing. Some had arrived as early as 7 a.m. As the small room filled up, people began to crane their necks to peer through the windows. Men got footholds on windowsills and radiators so they could see above the heads. Consequently, the courtroom was unusually warm and people held onto their coats and fanned themselves with handkerchiefs.

“The suspense of the crowd grew acute when many other minor hearings preceded the big case,” the Daily News reported. “Preachers mingled with bootleggers, bartenders with soda fountain clerks and women, intensely interested, with those of the opposite sex.” It was so quiet, though, that “a slight cough from Among The Spectators sounded like a shot.”

The tense situation turned to disappointment when the judge granted the defense’s motion for a continuance until the following Monday.

It would prove to be, the press said, the longest hearing in the history of the municipal court, and it was just as crowded as the first aborted session.

The hearing opened at 11 a.m., was recessed at 12:35, continued at 2 p.m. and ended at 5:29 p.m. The crowd of 300 curious souls, many of them local dignitaries, remained from open to close. Stomachs were heard growling in the crowd because no one gave up their seat for the lunch break.

“Ministers from Hamilton and Butler County,” the Evening Journal reported, “mayors and constables of surrounding towns, Professional man and church workers, cafe proprietors and ‘the just curious’ were mingled in the audience.”

The Reverend Williams’s attorney, Allen Andrews, made a motion that charges be dropped against him as he was just the driver and not a sworn prohibition agent. Judge Kautz agreed and the pastor left the room smiling.

Jack Rothermel testified for the entire morning session. Mabel Rothermel and the Hamilton police officers on the scene took up the afternoon. In the end, both Perkins and Goodwin were released on $3,000 bond each and bound over to the grand jury, but there is no report of any indictments issued. 

Hayes Perkins, however, did come into the news again in the fall of 1924 when one of his raids raised the ire of the citizens of Cheviot for the manner in which they raided the home of an elderly woman. The agents were charged with assault and weapons violations. When the case was called to trial, the officers plead not guilty and were granted a continuance. The crowd of more than a thousand demanded that they be tried then and there. Fearing a lynching, Perkins and his associates barricaded themselves in a jail cell in the basement for four hours until Cincinnati police officers arrived and whisked them away in automobiles. As in the Hamilton case, Perkins was bound to a grand jury, released on bond, and the case ignored.

There were so many mayors and justice of the peace courts operating under the Crabbe Act, the Ohio law enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, that agents were in high demand and the standards for admission low.

None of the reports of the Rothermel affair ever stated exactly what previous work Cincinnati men Hayes Perkins, 45, and David E. Goodwin, 42, had qualified them as dry agents. Their driver, the Reverend E.J. Williams, who helped them conduct searches on their raids, was the minister of the Methodist Church of Amanda near Middletown, and he had a car and a desire to enforce the laws of prohibition.

Yet there they were, 9 a.m. on the morning of Friday, January 19, 1923, knocking on the door at 1209 Grand Boulevard in Hamilton, the home of Culla “Jack” and Mabel Rothermel. 

Rothermel, a machinist for the Hamilton Tool and Die Company, demanded to see their credentials. They showed him a warrant signed by Mayor William Stewart of Monroe. They had brought the warrant to Mayor Stewart, based upon information provided in a raid they had made on a Hamilton cafe earlier in the week. After carefully reading the document, Rothermel allowed the men to search his home for liquor, which they did for three hours.

Mabel was washing dishes. Perkins, who seemed to be in charge, said that he smelled the odor of whiskey emanating from the drain. He and Goodwin began scouring the parlor and kitchen for hiding places while the Rev. Williams went upstairs. Mabel Rothermel followed him closely as he found several hundred dollars in bundles, one under a pillow and one in a dresser. He also found a gun under the pillow. He left everything intact. Mabel gave him a key to the attic and he searched up there.

Perkins, who seemed to be in charge, and Goodwin scoured the first floor and then the cellar. They discovered several places where the dirt was soft as if there had been some digging going on, so they took shovels and removed all the loose dirt in two different places. Mrs. Rothermel sneaked down the stairs twice while they were digging. She could hear them quietly talking but could not make out what they were saying.

They found no liquor, but two jars containing bundles of money.

Goodwin and Perkins came up and sat down on a sofa in the parlor, saying they were tired after their hard work. They set the jars with the money on a table. The Rev. Williams told them about the bundles of money he found upstairs. Perkins intimated that having that much money hidden was reason enough to arrest Rothermel and his wife, but the conversation was otherwise casual and cordial. Rothermel said that he didn’t trust banks, that it was his money and none of their business where it came from.

The dry agents said Rothermel brought it up, but Rothermel would testify that the agents started the conversation about Rothermel joining their raiding squad. Rothermel, in the agents’ version, said he would help them find some stills in the area, that he knew of at least sixteen. Rothermel said that Perkins asked, “Do you know if there are a lot of Stills and moonshine around here?” Rothermel would testify that he replied, “ I surely do-- plenty.”  

Perkins then said, “You’d make a good man on our team.” 

“How much is in it?” Rothermel asked.

Perkins said they got 15 percent of all the fines collected and that they shared the money equally.

After a time, Goodwin went out of the house and around the back to the coal shed. A few minutes later, he came back with a pint bottle half full of clear liquid. He said it was moonshine. The agents passed the bottle around and Rev. Williams stuck it in his back pocket.

Perkins finally decided that there wasn’t enough evidence to arrest Rothelmel this time, and one by one the officers made their way out to Williams’s car, Rothermel following. By this time, several of the neighbors had gathered around their house, drawn there by the strange activity.

As Williams began to start the machine, Mabel Rothermel came running out of the house waving fistfuls of money in each hand.

“It’s not all here,” she cried. The Rothermels accused the agents of skimming money from their personal treasury. He told a neighbor, Joe Engel, to call the police and demanded that the three men go back into the house to wait for them.

They did. They all took off their coats and emptied their pockets to show that they did not have the money. Mr. and Mrs. Rothermel the neighbor Engel would all testify that when the men took off their shoes, Goodwin had $160 hidden in his right shoe.

When Hamilton Police Officers Keating and Leonard arrived, Rothermel and the officers were in the kitchen, a pile of money lying on the table. Rothermel insisted that the money be counted in the presence of the officers. There was exactly $4,800. The Rothermels were satisfied that this was their entire stash and that he would not press charges against the agents.

The Hamilton officers asked the dry agents if they had any evidence to arrest the Rothermels. They said they did not.

By this time, the crowd outside the house had begun to grow restless and infuriated, and the party inside the house could hear threats being hurled at the prohibition officers with cries of “Frame-up!” rising up.

Under the protection of the uniformed officers, the three dry agents, five hours after they first knocked on the Rothermal door, made a hasty retreat for the Reverend’s automobile, which closely followed the police machine down Grand Boulevard.

Rothermel apparently began to have second thoughts about the whole matter, and the following day he went to police headquarters and swore out warrants charging Hayes Perkins, David E. Goodwin, and the Reverend Williams with larceny for illegally threatening to confiscate his money without any evidence of bootlegging, moonshining, or any other illegal act.

Before delivering the warrants and arresting the men, Hamilton Police Detectives Herman Dulle and Al Mueller paid a visit to Monroe Mayor William Stewart.

The mayor informed them that Perkins and Goodwin had previously brought warrants to his court that have resulted in arrests and fines, but that he could not vouch for the Reverend Williams, that he was not a sworn officer of the court but was hired merely as a driver out of his interest in driving out bootleggers and moonshiners.

On Monday, Rothermel went with Dulle and Mueller to a Ludlow Street address in Cincinnati where the two men were supposed to live so that he could identify them. They were accompanied by two detectives from Cincinnati. They knew Perkins and didn’t seem to like him much. He had worked as a prohibition officer in several jurisdictions and had bragged to the detectives that it was because of him that Middletown no longer had any bootleggers or moonshiners.

A few weeks previous, Cincinnati police had arrested Perkins on a charge of having struck an elderly Bond Hill woman whose home he assisted in rating. In that case, too, the raiders found no evidence of liquor or liquor production. No evidence was found in the mire home. Perkins was given a heavy fine for his action.

As they climbed the steps to the landing at the third floor, Perkins came out of a dimly lit room and demanded to know their authority. Without a word, one of the Cincinnati officers grabbed Perkins by the arm and pinned him to the wall while the other detective searched him.

At first, Perkins denied knowing where Goodwin was, but with a little persuasion, he led them into a dirty, disheveled room littered with empty bottles, broken dishes, and cigarette butts, and where Goodwin was lying on a bed. The detectives tried to rouse  him, but he was so intoxicated that he could not comprehend the situation. There was a pistol under his pillow. Clothes and shoes were strewn everywhere and collars and ties were suspended from a tarnished gas fixture.

After tucking the duo snugly into the Hamilton city jail, Dulle and Mueller went to the Reverend Williams’s home on the Dixie Highway, two miles south of Middletown. Williams would be released within an hour when a devoted parishioner put up the $10,000 bond.

“When I wage war against the bootleggers in the future,” he told reporters on his way out, “the maneuvers will be directed from the pulpit and not from the field.”

Goodwin and Perkins remained in jail until their preliminary hearing. 

Some 200 according to the Daily News, or 300, according to the Evening Journal, “eager and curious persons” packed the municipal courtroom of Judge Kautz for that hearing. Some had arrived as early as 7 a.m. As the small room filled up, people began to crane their necks to peer through the windows. Men got footholds on windowsills and radiators so they could see above the heads. Consequently, the courtroom was unusually warm and people held onto their coats and fanned themselves with handkerchiefs.

“The suspense of the crowd grew acute when many other minor hearings preceded the big case,” the Daily News reported. “Preachers mingled with bootleggers, bartenders with soda fountain clerks and women, intensely interested, with those of the opposite sex.” It was so quiet, though, that “a slight cough from Among The Spectators sounded like a shot.”

The tense situation turned to disappointment when the judge granted the defense’s motion for a continuance until the following Monday.

It would prove to be, the press said, the longest hearing in the history of the municipal court, and it was just as crowded as the first aborted session.

The hearing opened at 11 a.m., was recessed at 12:35, continued at 2 p.m. and ended at 5:29 p.m. The crowd of 300 curious souls, many of them local dignitaries, remained from open to close. Stomachs were heard growling in the crowd because no one gave up their seat for the lunch break.

“Ministers from Hamilton and Butler County,” the Evening Journal reported, “mayors and constables of surrounding towns, Professional man and church workers, cafe proprietors and ‘the just curious’ were mingled in the audience.”

The Reverend Williams’s attorney, Allen Andrews, made a motion that charges be dropped against him as he was just the driver and not a sworn prohibition agent. Judge Kautz agreed and the pastor left the room smiling.

Jack Rothermel testified for the entire morning session. Mabel Rothermel and the Hamilton police officers on the scene took up the afternoon. In the end, both Perkins and Goodwin were released on $3,000 bond each and bound over to the grand jury, but there is no report of any indictments issued. 

Hayes Perkins, however, did come into the news again in the fall of 1924 when one of his raids raised the ire of the citizens of Cheviot for the manner in which they raided the home of an elderly woman. The agents were charged with assault and weapons violations. When the case was called to trial, the officers plead not guilty and were granted a continuance. The crowd of more than a thousand demanded that they be tried then and there. Fearing a lynching, Perkins and his associates barricaded themselves in a jail cell in the basement for four hours until Cincinnati police officers arrived and whisked them away in automobiles. As in the Hamilton case, Perkins was bound to a grand jury, released on bond, and the case ignored.

In the early months of 1923, Prohibition raiders from the mayors’ courts in Seven Mile, Monroe, Oxford, and other villages in the county continued their reign of terror over Hamilton moonshiners even as their power was being questioned in the courts. With both their methods and legitimacy called into question, citizens began to show resistance. 

Around 8 p.m. February 15, three agents of Squire Morris Shuler’s court in Seven Mile--Spaeth, Jacobs, Flick, and Newbrander--knocked on the door of Leo Schuh, 30 years old, 33 Clinton Avenue in Lindenwald, with a warrant to search for a still and moonshine reported to be in the cellar of the house. Schuh worked as a molder at the Estate Stove Company. His father Peter Schuh, a German immigrant, was a well-known cigar-maker in Hamilton.

When Schuh appeared at the door “slightly intoxicated” demanding to know what they wanted, Spaeth replied, “We have a warrant to search your home,” and the three men began to push their way into the front room, but Schuh was able to shut the door and lock it before they could get past.

“There has [sic] been too many of those fake warrants pulled around here,” he told them. “You can’t come into my house.”

The raiders began kicking at the door, threatening to batter it down unless Schuh let them in. Schuh’s response was to open the curtains on the door so they could see the shotgun he had leveled at them. The ploy worked, for the time being anyway, and the three agents fell back, held a brief conference, and decided to enlist the aid of the Sheriff’s office. Jacobs left the other three to guard the home while he went to a nearby story to use the telephone.

Jailer Fred Brinkman took the call, and after hearing the cry for help, heavily armed himself before heading out. As he began to knock at the front door, the four raiders lined up behind him, Leo’s wife Eleanor appeared and told him to go around to the back door alone and he alone would be admitted to the house.

As Brinkman approached the back door, he could see the silhouette of Leo Schuh, shotgun in hand, through the sheer curtain covering the kitchen window. He stood to the side of the door, out of the range of the shotgun, and knocked, announcing his identity. Schuh did not open the door, so Brinkman shoved the warrant under it. He waited a moment while the Schuhs apparently read the document, then Mrs. Schuh opened the door.

After disarming Schuh and placing him under arrest, Brinkman opened the door for the Seven Mile agents, and they were not disappointed in their haul: a 60-gallon still that had apparently been recently used, 10 barrels of mash and 15 gallons of finished moonshine.

Schuh, protesting his innocence and declaring that he was unaware of how the illegal items had gotten into his cellar, was taken to Seven Mile and released on a $1,000 bond signed by his father-in-law. He would eventually pay $400 in fines for the incident.

On March 23, Seven Mile agents assisted more than 60 state and federal officers in a massive sweep through Hamilton. The Daily News reported: “In the aftermath of the successful raids... Hamilton bootleggers and traffickers in illicit liquors Saturday were brushing frenzied hands across their brows in an endeavour to convince themselves that the unexpected happened.”

The day’s activities began about 1 p.m. when constables Spaeth and Jacobs joined state agents in raiding the Bowling Cafe at South B and Arch streets. Two officers leaped over the bar and stopped Gilbert Bowling from smashing a pint of moonshine on the floor. They then embarked on a tour of sixteen other establishments on both sides of the river.

Then around 3 p.m., some forty federal agents from three states in six large touring cars, “like the crack of a cannon” sped into town and separated into squads to simultaneously raid “virtually every” soft drink parlor and pool room in the city. The orders for the raid came directly from Roy Haynes, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, the nation’s top prohibition enforcer. Warrants for the raids were secured through the efforts of an operation under the direction of General Agent C.E. Goodwin, a fed in the Cincinnati prohibition commissioner’s office. Goodwin and an unspecified number of agents went undercover for two weeks posing as real estate agents in Hamilton for a meeting. Goodwin roomed at the Miami Hotel, frequenting the barroom there “where liquor flowed like water,” and consorted with the patrons for three days gathering information about other places where drinks were easy to get and where they stashed the goods.

“We visited the resorts in what you call ‘the Jungles’ and had a great time,” Goodwin told the press. “At all the places we had our share of good beer and plenty of drinks.”

Among the spoils of the raid was a truck containing 20 half-barrels of beer coming from Richmond, Indiana. The driver of the truck was parked in front of the cafe of Howard “Dick” Ward at Front and High streets, one of the first establishments raided. Officials believed that the finding of this beer would enable them to shut down a major Chicago brewery that had been distributing “good beer” disguised as “near beer.” The driver would say that he picked up the beer from a railroad car and was paid $20 a barrel to deliver it to various points in Dayton and Hamilton, and was on his way to Cincinnati when arrested. The driver’s wife and three-year-old daughter were in the truck at the time, so the wife was arrested, too, and the family was in custody in the back of one of the touring cars when it made the next stop at Max Klein’s cafe at 405 South Second Street. While an agent read the warrant to Klein, several others hastened behind the bar to confiscate several bottles said to contain liquor.

At the same time, different squads swarmed the Miami Hotel at North B and Main, arresting proprietor Jesse McDaniels, and the Labor Temple on South Second Street, arresting the caretaker, James Paulis. Federal agents under the direction of Frank A. High, the top fed in Cincinnati, raided the Arcade Cafe at 317 Court Street, arresting proprietor Charles Vaughn.

“I have been in a number of dives since my affiliation with the federal force,” High said, “but never in my experience have I encountered a place where violations were so flagrant as they were in the Arcade Cafe. Why the condition of several girls who were in the place when we entered was, in my estimation, a blot upon Hamilton that can never be erased. They were seated with several men at tables in the rear of the place. Of course, there was no liquor in the glasses that sat on the table in front of them when we entered, but from the scent of it, it was evident that whiskey had been in the tumblers. The girls, as well as their male companions, were partly intoxicated and unable to give us a coherent answer to the questions we asked them. In the cellar of the cafe we unearthed a booth that was equipped as a pre-Volstead bar. On the shelves of the small booth we found whiskey glasses, ginger ale, seltzer and other ingredients for making a ‘good drink.’ This of course we confiscated with the rest of the evidence found in the place.”

The Daily News asked Hight why such a large force was needed for the raid. Hight said, “Hamilton is the wettest spot in southwestern Ohio. Our raids were based on a volume of complaints that we have received about the conditions here. This raid does not complete our work. Unless the situation here is considerably cleared and the trafficking in liquor stopped, we will be back again.”

Hight related a story of going into one of the cafes unannounced and while waiting for the right moment to go into action, one of the patrons at the bar asked, “Say, I hear there are twenty prohibition agents in town. Know anything about it?”

“You can bet I do,” Hight said as he pulled his revolver and announced his presence.

At another cafe, a man who was clearly in his cups accosted Hight as he entered: “Say, what are you?”

“A prohibition officer,” Hight replied. The man demanded to know what kind of an agent and Hight said, “Federal.”

The stranger suddenly shouted: “Hurrah for the army and navy.”

Not every stop yielded success. After coming up empty in a search of the cafe of Ernest Fisher at South Fifth and Henry streets, the officers realized they were in the wrong place. They were supposed to be in Lyman Williams’s cafe across Henry street. They were further chagrined when nothing illegal turned up in a search of the Williams place. They left, giving Lyman Williams a stern warning that his place would be kept under surveillance.

Although word quickly spread through the Hamilton underground as soon as the raids started, the surprise netted seventeen arrests, who were taken along for the ride to subsequent stops on the “tour.” Although raids were conducted on thirty-five establishments, only twenty-two men were arrested. Some were taken directly to Cincinnati, but seventeen were taken to Seven Mile to Squire Shuler’s office where they frantically made phone calls to raise bond money. Gilbert Bowling demanded an immediate trial, made a guilty plea, was fined $20 and then taken to jail because he didn’t have the money. A second man demanded an immediate trial and Shuler asked him how much money he had.

“I’ve just got $100 with me,” he answered.

Shuler said, “If that is all, you had better let the trial wait until your finances are increased.”

Those who couldn’t raise bond Friday night were taken to the county jail pending arraignment in Seven Mile. 

Hamilton Safety Directory Henry Grevey deflected the criticism from the federal officials by saying, “It is [an] easy matter for strangers to enter any city and obtain evidence of the variety that is alleged to have been taken in the raids here Friday. Regardless of the fact that this department is handicapped by having only one policeman for every 1,000 residents, we have made at least fifty raids in the last three months, confiscated some evidence and coniced the persons responsible for the violations. We have no funds here for the hiring of special investigators, and a policeman’s uniform, their identity being known by the majority of residents and other similar things hinder them in obtaining evidence of liquor violations. I wish the federal men could be here all the time and clean up the rotten moonshine... It would take our entire squad to accomplish the work the federal men did in one afternoon.”

Hight acknowledged the “extenuating circumstances” in Hamilton, but refused to retract his comments about Hamilton’s wetness: “The small number of officers in Hamilton does not excuse some of the flagrant violations in liquor trafficking my men found there. The raid we made merely scratched the surface and unless more favorable reports are received from Hamilton, a repetition of the drastic raid will be launched.”

A smaller group of federal agents returned to Hamilton the following day to revisit some of the places where the searches had turned up blank, believing that they may have been tipped off on Friday and so may have let their guards down. But nothing further was discovered. In fact, the business was “dull” everywhere in town, the newspapers reported. One cafe habitue reported that he’d been enjoying ten-cent beers for months, but was having trouble finding a drink that Saturday night.

“They broke down our playhouse,” he complained. “Don’t know where to go now.”

Swooping down upon Hamilton late Friday afternoon, March 24, 1923, federal and state Prohibition agents staged the most sensational series of raids Ohio has known since the advent of Prohibition.

Twenty-two café proprietors were in custody, truck loads of beer, wines and liquor were confiscated and more than thirty-five soft drink parlors were bone dry within three hours after the combined forces inaugurated their sweeping clean-up.

Bursting into the city in seven high-powered automobiles and working with clock-like precision the dry forces scurried to many parts of the city simultaneously and at precisely the same moment instituted two thirds of the raids.

Three hours later after the raids had been completed, Major Roy A. Haynes, Federal Prohibition Commissioner at Washington, who ordered the raids was telegraphed the story of the wholesale arrests. 

Federal agents declared that Haynes personally ordered the sweeping “house cleaning” after receipt of reports of alleged flagrant violation of the liquor laws here. Nationally-known prohibition men were included in the party of raiders.

Tips today were that the Federal agents have not yet completed their work and that squads have been detailed to remain on duty here and serve other warrants.

Included in the list of those arrested are the names of many who have been apprehended on previous occasions by federal and state authorities and in some instances by city police.

Pointing revolvers on entering each place the federal men mad the raids quickly and immediately upon discovery of evidence corralled the proprietor or man in charge. Their prisoners were taken to the county jail. 

Four men who could not furnish bonds were escorted to Cincinnati late Friday by federal agents. Others were held for arraignment by Squire Shuler in Seven Mile.

“Zero hour” for the raid had been set at 3 p.m. by the Federal men under the direct orders of Federal Prohibition Commissioner Roy Haynes, who enlisted the aid of state officers. More than 30 officers in several “high-powered” vehicles participated in the raids.

Guising themselves as real estate agents, the advance men of the squad stationed themselves in Hamilton some two weeks prior and began a systematic list of cafes and “resorts”.

“Cunning and versatile, the agents adapted themselves to all situations and gained access to practically all places that had been named in complaints received by Haynes.

During those two weeks, the agents “ate, drank, sang, danced and made merry with patrons” of the targeted establishments, taking notes and making lists.

“The result of the planned drive was that all search warrants were flawless as to location and owner of the premises. When agents, armed and ready for any emergency, entered the cafes. They wasted no time looking for hidden closets or places of refuge for the anti-Volstead beverages. Their weeks’ of scouting had enabled them to carefully note the hiding places of all drinks. Invariably, the agents vaulted over the bar or walked around the railing and in a moment spotted their objectives.

“Rounds of pleasure were enjoyed by those who made the barn-storming trip prior to the raid.”

“We visited the resorts in what you call ‘The Jungles’ and had a grand time. At all the places were had our share of good beer and plenty of drinks.”

At the Vaughn place, Maple Avenue, agents said that women scurried from the anteroom when the raid was staged.

On his return to Cincinnati, Agent in Charge Hight said his men were waiting for the precise minute to arrive when one patron of a saloon in which they were stationed said, “Say, I hear there are 20 prohibition agents in town. Do you know anything about it?”

“You bet I do,” replied Hight as “Zero Hour” arrived, and pulled his revolver.

At 3:05 p.m., four federal agents entered the Rigley Café, South Third Street and Maple Avenue, the first place raided. “A hurried yet piercing search for evidence was fruitless and the raiders departed, complaining that the proprietor had been tipped off.

They next went to the café of Charles Vaughn half a block away. A quantity of beer, which tested at more than five percent, was confiscated and Vaughn placed under arrest and sent to the county jail.

Operating with lighting quickness the agents raided the Labor Temple (seizing a small quantity of wine and home brew), Dick Ward’s place, and Max Klein’s Café, making arrests at each stop. 

While the agents were in Ward’s café, a truck loaded with beer backed against the curb and men commenced unloading eight barrels, which were quickly confiscated and Ward placed under arrest.

The paperwork that the driver had on him helped the feds crack a case they’d been working on for several months, the source of “good beer,” or “high test lager” as the papers called it.

Truckloads of light wines, barreled beer, home brew and moonshine were taken to Cincinnati late Friday night.

The raids were conducted in an orderly manner and no violence resulted.

“Everything went off in fine shape,” said W.D. Jones, leader of the state forces in an interview with the Evening Journal in the crowded courtroom at Seven Mile. “We met resistance at only one place and even that didn’t have any serious results. That was at the place of Dan Bowling, 233 South B Street, that Bowling made an attempt to destroy the evidence by breaking a bottle.”

From shortly after five o’clock until almost midnight, the little courtroom in Seven Mile, the headquarters of Morris Y. Shuler, justice of the peace in Wayne Township and to whom all state cases had been taken, was the scene of intense activity. Men charged with liquor violation lined the walls waiting for their friends or relatives to produce bond for their release.

Jones said that there were 14 state agents among the 30 conducting the raids, the largest contingent of state agents since a raid the previous summer that resulted in 32 charges. They descended upon Hamilton from the north.

The first establishment raided by the state cops was Pete Farley’s joint at 87 Wood Street. Farley and his bartender Charles Clapbert were both charged.

In only one case did agents find a still, Jones said. “We were not after stills on this trip, but only after those who were selling liquor. In the great majority of cases we found only small quantities of ‘moon,’ confiscating that and preserving enough to be held for evidence.

It was at the place of Henry Jones, 525 N. Third Street, that prohibition ages found a 50-gallon still on the second floor of the building that by appearances was used as a bakery.

After the state men finished up their 17 cases in the Seven Mile Court, they claimed to start heading for home, but instead went to the Hilz Brothers dry cleaning establishment at Main and B streets, landing at the east end of the High Street Bridge at 8 p.m. The place was closed, but agents found their way in and confiscated 18 gallons of what appeared to be a strong wine. Squire Shuler said that no charges would be placed against the Hilz brothers until the liquid could be analyzed in Columbus.

The trouble, it would turn out, had been brewing for months.

It all started, the Crouchers said, when Spicy Croucher, 18, the second-oldest daughter of the nine children of Cud Croucher, rejected the advances of Willie Adkins, 20, because the family had forbidden her to go with the boy.

“Absurd,” said the Adkins family, who came to Hamilton from Gray Hawk in Jackson County, Kentucky. Mrs. Mattie Adkins admitted that Willie, the oldest of their nine children, had spoken to the Croucher girl as they stood by the fence of her yard. In fact, it started because Willie returned a ring that Spicey had given him.

There was also an incident in which two of the younger children got into a fight, with one of the Croucher boys talking back to Mattie Adkins when she tried to break it up.

The simmering tension started to boil over about noon, Sunday, July 1, 1923 when Willie Adkins and his cousin Billy Young met Dillard Croucher, 17, along the railroad tracks on Zimmerman Avenue near Belle, where both families lived. Dillard asked Young when he would pay the fifty cents he owed. Young promised Croucher he’d get the money to him on Tuesday.

The trio met up again about 5:30 p.m. at Belle Avenue near the railroad crossing. Croucher again asked Young for the fifty cents.

“Why worry about the fifty cents,” Young said. “You’ll be paid Tuesday.”

“You’re mighty right I’ll get paid,” Croucher said, then started south on the railroad tracks, and after walking about thirty feet, turned and shouted, “You better have that fifty cents because when you fool with a Croucher, you are fooling with somebody.” A shouting match ensued.

Dillard’s cousin Carroll Croucher, 22, came out of his house near where the three were hurling threats at each other, and joined in the fray, swearing about how tough the Crouchers were, and before long went after Adkins and Young. Dillard joined in and the four commenced to brawl in the middle of the street.

Adkins emerged from the tussle with a profusely bleeding scalp wound, the result of a pair of “knucks” wielded by Carroll Croucher, and the fight wound down. The four boys went their separate ways, still shouting curses at one another.

Irvin Adkins, 40, watched his son come into the yard of their home at 2283 Zimmerman Avenue, and seeing the bleeding wound and hearing the story of the melee, went inside the house and procured a knife and “went to get the Crouchers.”

Dillard’s father Cude Croucher, 35, two doors down at 2269 Zimmerman, saw Irvin come toward his yard with a knife in  his hands and murder in his stride, his boys Willie and James Stanley, 19, trailing behind. Cude went straight inside for his .32 automatic. A scuffle had already started, and the knife in Irvin’s hand slashed the shirt of Robert Norther, a border in the Croucher home. Cude came out of the house and confronted Adkins, holding the weapon with both hands. Cude said he was facing Adkins when he fired the gun, but the coroner would say the bullet entered Irvin Adkins’s chest from the side.

Willie and Stanley immediately ran back to their house, grabbed two automatics and a shotgun, and took a position along the fence southeast of the Croucher home. Cude made it to his own front yard before he dropped to the ground saying, “I’m shot,” but he recovered enough to take a shotgun from one of his sons and duck behind a telephone pole.

Three Crouchers were outside at the time, and when the Adkins boys opened fire, they scurried inside for their own weapons, then crouched on the porch to return fire. The five males then engaged in a firefight, forty yards apart. Neighbors scurried to safety and in the course of about ten minutes, more than 60 shots were fired.

Police received a call from residents of the vicinity of Zimmerman Avenue near the B&O Railroad about 6:15 p.m. that a battle was ensuing between two families. A riot call was at once sent out and many officers led by Chief of Police Frank Clements went to the scene.

When officers Huber and Korb arrived at the scene, the Crouchers were arrayed with pistols and shotguns on their porch. The siding of the house was riddled with bullet and buckshot holes and windows along the front the “shack,” as the Evening Journal dubbed it, were all shattered. In the front room where dwelt a boarder, the widow Clara Fried, hid behind a sofa where the bullets had whizzed past her head. Behind some beds in a back room, Susie Croucher sat cuddled, trying to calm her younger children, including the disabled ten-year-old James. Two doors down, another mother and her young children prayed loudly for the recovery of her husband and son, the smaller children gathered round her.

Cude Croucher was in the front room with buckshot wounds in his side and hip. James Stanley Adkins and Irvin Adkins both lay in pools of blood. 

Detectives Dulle and Garver and Coroner Edward Cook then arrived, followed closely by Chief Clements and four more officers in the police ambulance, which was loaded with rifles and shotguns. The Chief began handing out weapons and ordered his men to shoot to kill if necessary, but the battle was over by then.

Cude Croucher, James Stanley Adkins, and Irving Adkins were loaded into the police ambulance and rushed to the hospital. Chief Clements placed Willie Adkins under arrest and in the charge of Officer Korb, who took the young man to the hospital to have his head wound stitched up, and then to the city jail under charges of shooting with intent to kill. Dillard Croucher was arrested under the same charges and placed in a separate cell. Police issued a warrant for Carroll Croucher, who allegedly skipped out on a freight train shortly after the shoot-out and was expected to be heading for the family home at Clear Creek in Rockcastle County, Kentucky. Because he was the one wielding the steel “knucks” that wounded Willie Adkins, police considered him the instigator of the chaos.

Monday morning, the day after the shoot-out, Sister Camilla, a nurse at Mercy Hospital, discovered a six-inch knife under Irvin Adkins’s pillow and turned it over to Patrolman Louis Dodson, who was guarding the three patients. Someone had apparently slipped the knife to the wounded man, but he was too weak to murmur an explanation, and questions remained whether it was placed there by an ally or an enemy as the man was certainly too weak to wield the weapon in any manner. His condition progressively worsened until 9:20 that evening, when he died, twenty-seven hours after the feud. His son James Stanley and Cude Croucher were all in beds in the same room.

Officer Huber immediately signed a warrant charging Cude Croucher with murder, arrested in his hospital bed then took him to jail, where he held him without bail. “I just had to shoot the old man,” Cude said. He admitted that he had fled his Kentucky home to escape a heavy fine, and had lived on Zimmerman Avenue but two months.

Tuesday morning, the chief and two detectives took Croucher to his home to recover the gun. Cude had described the gun to the officers--a .32 Smith and Wesson automatic with an “E” carved in the butt. He said he’d fired it five times during the affray and had tossed it on a bed in his house when police arrived. He offered no assistance as the detectives searched the house, but his wife told them that Lige Himer took the gun to keep it out of the hands of the children. The three police and the prisoner then began making the rounds of Adkins’s acquaintances that might be hiding the gun for him, and on the third stop found the weapon lying on a bed in the home of Noah Goosey, 1661 Lincoln Avenue, to whom Himer had given the gun. The gun contained three empty cartridges and one loaded.

As might be expected, testimony varied widely at the coroner’s inquest, held later that week. Some said Adkins had been shot as he walked away from Croucher, some said he was shot in the back as he engaged in battle with another participant, some said Adkins was shot in the side as he defensively whirled away from the man as he approached with the gun, and some said that Croucher fired the gun as he was backing away from a slash of the knife Adkins wielded.

Given the confusing testimony and the fact that the shooting took place in the heat of a free-for-all and that the dead man was armed with a knife, Coroner Cook demurred any decision to place blame on Cude Croucher. After another round of testimony in a preliminary hearing, Municipal Court Judge E.J. Kautz bound Croucher over to the grand jury, charged with manslaughter and placed under a $3,000 bond. Kautz dismissed charges against James Stanley Adkins for lack of evidence, and referred the case of 17-year-old Dillard Croucher to juvenile court. When the grand jury med in October, they indicted Cude Croucher on a charge of second degree murder and Willie Adkins on charges of shooting with intent to kill.

Both went to trial in late November. Cude Croucher took of his shirt and showed the jury his buckshot scars, sticking to the story that he fired reflexively as the victim swung a knife in his direction. The jury deliberated only two and a half hours before bringing in a reduced verdict of manslaughter. Taking in the extenuating circumstances, Judge Walter Harlan gave him a light sentence of five years in the penitentiary when he could have given twenty. Willie Adkins was acquitted. Carroll Croucher remains at large.

An astute Main Street businessman alerted Hamilton police of a suspicious character doing some shopping on the afternoon of Saturday, August 18, 1923.

A neatly-dressed, well-spoken man came into the A&P store on Main Street, purchased some groceries and cashed a check for $19.10. After the fact, the manager of the store became suspicious of the First National Bank check, made out to “G. F. Fergus” and signed “F. Thompson.” 

The manager called the police, gave a description of a man later described in the papers as “a well-dressed individual with a smooth tongue and a pleasing personality.” Detectives Ed Riley and Charles Morton headed to Main Street and saw a man fitting the description leave Butler County Tire Shop and get into a Ford Coupe. 

The detectives stopped the car five blocks later at Millville Avenue. The slick-talker remarked that he must be some kind of a hick himself to get arrested in such a hick town. In the car, detectives found a stack of blank checks, the groceries the man had purchased at the A&P, and an innertube. The A&P manager identified the groceries, and Henry Lagedrost, proprietor of the tire store, confirmed that the man had purchased the innertube there and had paid with a First National Bank check for $19.10 made out to “G. F. Fergus” and signed “F. Thompson.” Lagedorst gave the man $15.75 in change.

The stranger identified himself as Ollie Melaoy, 28 years old, from New York City but then residing at 4343 Melrose Ave., Cincinnati. He said he also sailed under the aliases of O.C. Malars and C.E. Melars. Under interrogation, the forger admitted having had little trouble in issuing the bum checks, which he had obtained from the office of architect Frederick J. Mueller. He represented himself as an engineer and asked for some blank checks so he could pay his crew. Then he went to another business office and asked to use their check writer. There he tore off the Mueller name and wrote the two checks for $19.10.

Police Chief Frank Clements said that they would most likely discover that the man had a lengthy record and was wanted in other cities. He was arraigned, pleading not guilty, and remanded to the county jail to await trial. 

Police did not foresee how difficult it would prove to keep him there.

The first incident came to light when a “squealer” among the prisoners let slip to jailer Fred “Sandy” Brinkman that “something was going to happen Tuesday night.” Brinkman saw nothing suspicious as he made his many rounds that day, but informed Sheriff Rudy Laubach of what he had heard and they secretly went into high alert.

Shortly after 9:30 that evening, Laubach gave the jail and the surrounding grounds a thorough search. At the rear of the jail, he discovered a slender string suspended from an upper window. Hoping to catch the prisoners and their accomplices in the act, he left the string hanging and took a position where he could watch it without being seen himself.

At around 11 p.m., someone in the upper window began pulling at the string through the thick wire, but there was nothing attached to the other end. The sheriff summoned Brinkman and they called for police assistance. Certain that the prisoners had some outside help to smuggle in some of the items by using the string-out-the-window ploy, Laubach branded Ollie Meloay as the ringleader.

Fourteen prisoners, serving sentences on charges ranging from intoxication to grand larceny, were lurking in the bullpen at the jail when the sheriff and his heavily-armed posse rushed into the cell chamber. The prisoners seemed to all be taken by surprise. No one attempted any violence, and nervous glances cast by some guided the searchers to the location of contraband. As expected, Meloay acted especially suspiciously, edging to the corner of the bullpen as if to hide in plain sight, but when he lowered his hand to a belt buckle, several officers pounced upon him. Concealed in his shirt was the coiled string. 

A search of their cots revealed slugs of iron, wire and coils, a three-foot length of rubber hose, bolts, parts of chairs and other blunt objects hidden beneath mattresses. One prisoner had a piece of iron hidden in his trousers. A mattress cover had been torn into strips that were tied together to form the thirty-foot string that was lowered to the ground. It seemed outside accomplices attached the iron and other objects to the string and the prisoners pulled their weapons into the cell room. 

One-by-one, the prisoners were taken away for grilling to discover the identity of the connections, but “nobody knew nothing.” Laubach believed that the delivery had been underway for a week or more, judging by the amount of contraband they recovered.

“They were planning to rush Sandy and make a getaway,” Laubach said, “and judging from the artillery they had mustered would have made a successful job of it.”

Ollie Meloay stood before a jury and was convicted on two counts of forgery. On November 30, Common Pleas Court Judge Walter Harlan sentenced him to five years in the state penitentiary in Columbus, but gave him a stay of execution so that he could remain in the county jail while he sought a retrial. The papers didn’t say if the subject of the attempted jail break came up during the trial, but it would prove to be a literal battle to keep the forger under lock and key until he could be sent to the penitentiary in Columbus.

Indeed, Brinkman and Laubach soon began hearing rumblings of another escape attempt and remained extra vigilant. One of the jailhouse snitches told Laubach that two men were sawing some bars from the outside of the jail Friday night, December 15, while two other men, armed with .45 caliber automatic pistols, stood guard at each corner of the fence in the jail yard. One of the men is alleged to have remarked, “ the sheriff better not poke his head out of the door now.”

Investigating, the sheriff discovered that one of the bars of the window on the south side of the building had been completely sawed and another one sawed almost through. The work had indeed been done from the outside. A short step ladder was still in position.

So Saturday night, Sheriff Laubach made the night rounds himself. He was on crutches, having taken a fall at a recent still raid. Upon entering the bathroom on the first floor of the jail, the electric light did not work, so he lit a match to see better inside the room.

“No wind was stirring but in some mysterious manner the match was blowing out and the sheriff was left in darkness,” the Daily News reported. He lit a second match and saw a figure crouching in the corner of the room. Ollie Meloay. He escorted Meloay back to his cell, and went back to the bathroom where he discovered three disable light fixtures, a half-dozen tempered saws strong enough to cut through steel prison bars, crowbars, pieces of wire, and other tools hidden under the tub and in various parts of the room. 

So the next night, Sunday, at 7 p.m. lock-up time, again with the assistance of a cadre of Hamilton police officers and detectives, Laubach conducted a thorough search and again uncovered safety razor blades, hinges, wire, rope, leather belts, empty bottles, broken door knobs and hooks, hand-made weapons, and part of a broom handle wrapped with a rag. One of the cell block doors had been broken.

After the search, detectives Herman Dulle and Al Mueller stuck around to help stake out the exterior of the jail overnight in anticipation of the return of the outside accomplices. The sheriff watched from the window of his darkened ground floor office while Brinkman and the detectives took positions in the outside shadows. With the night overcast and no lights in the jail yard, the officers waited in impenetrable darkness, but soon enough Laubach saw a dark figure creeping along the east wall of the jail. No one moved, but apparently sensing the presence of the officers, the man broke and ran. Laubach threw open the door of the jail office and shouted: “Get him, boys!”

Brinkman fired the first shot. It nicked the side of the jail wall. Two men scaled the fence in the rear of the jail, ran through the jail yard and scaled the second fence amid a shower of bullets from Brinkman, Mueller, and Dulle. More than twenty shots were fired, but it was too dark to see if any had taken effect. The men apparently escaped in an automobile parked on South Second Street. 

A beat cop reported that he saw an automobile turn from Ludlow Street on South Third Street, crossing the railroad tracks at better than fifty miles an hour. The cop said it appeared to have one man driving and another man lying in the rear seat. This led Laubach to believe that one of the men may have been shot, so he immediately called with Cincinnati authorities to be on the alert for someone seeking treatment for a gunshot wound. They searched the jail yard and the alleys to see if they could find any blood, but the only blood they found was from a superficial next wound on the donkey kept in the jail yard. The beast had been hit by a stray bullet. 

The sheriff’s investigation again revealed that Ollie Meloay was the chief engineer behind the attempted delivery. This time he was working with Brooks Clay, 18, Middletown, who was in the jail awaiting transport to the Mansfield reformatory. He had pleaded guilty and was sentenced to fifteen years for a robbery of the Johnson drug store in Middletown on September 6. Two men were killed, one officer seriously wounded, and Clay was nicked in the ear by bullet in the attempt. 

With another escape attempt foiled, Laubach acted swiftly to get Meloay to Columbus. By the time they loaded him into a machine for the trip on December 22, Chief Clements revealed to the prisoner just how much they knew about him when he called him by the name “George.”

“Yes, you’ve made me,” Allison said and smiled. 

Meloay was actually George Allison, a native of Cleveland, and had spent eleven of the last fourteen years incarcerated. At the age of 14 he was sentenced to the Lancaster Industrial School, served time and was paroled in 1910. He was arrested six times for burglary and larceny but always free, except for two months in the Dayton workhouse. On July 7, 1911, Allison went to Mansfield from Toledo for larceny. He earned parole August 20, 1912, but failed to report and went back from May 1914 to May 1917. When he got out, he adopted the guise of an Italian immigrant named “Columbus Malargno.” He apparently spoke in Italian and broken English for five years. As Malargno, he held up a post office in Cleveland and spent two years in a federal prison in Atlanta.

Sheriff Laubach and Chief Clements both told the newspapers at various times that they had identified the outside conspirators to the two delivers and that arrests were imminent, but none were actually forthcoming, and soon more murder and prohibition mayhem would take over the headlines.

Report from the Hamilton Evening Journal
January 2, 1924

Hurling defiance at prohibition officers, the “padlock” law, which has been threatened, all law and order, and raising a roughhouse disturbance, some two score New Year’s Eve revelers “opened up” at the Stockton club Tuesday morning about three o’clock and staged a free-for-all fight in which a dozen or more are said to have been injured.

Flying bottles crashed against heads and bodies, inflicting numerous minor wounds during the progress of the battle.

One man is said to be definitely known to have been seriously injured. According to the reports of neighbor, one person was said to have been taken to Mercy hospital about four o’clock New Year’s morning.

Hospital authorities deny that such a person was brought there.

Neighbors near the Stockton club state that the revelers threw all caution and heed to to the four winds and ended their New Year’s Eve pursuit for pleasure with a free-for-all fight.

Early New Year’s morning, many persons were seen in Hamilton restaurants supposedly just out of the club with bandages about their heads, and with scars and bruises.

No report of the matter has reached the hands of county authorities or the police and no investigation of the matter has been made.

Other news: The coroner’s annual report attributed 12 1923 deaths and “several” of the auto crashes and four auto deaths of the 34 were the result of moonshine.

Report from the Hamilton Evening Journal
January 4, 1924

Kelly Assumes His Duties as Hamilton’s Chief Executive

Report from the Hamilton Evening Journal
January 2, 1924

Gambling in Hamilton was conspicuous for its absence last night at what soft drink places and saloons apparently being conducted legitimately as a result of the inauguration of Mayor Howard E. Kelly’s reform. If liquor was sold at all it was in blind tigers established to beat the clean-up.

Disreputable places were closed and the midnight closing ordinance was rigidly enforced.

After receiving their instructions and feeling confident that they would be backed to the limit in the clean-up campaign of the mayor, police last night started upon their work in earnest.

In many incidents the proprietors of soft drink stands, pool rooms, and other places had evidently believed campaign promises and had removed gambling paraphernalia and stopped card games.

Yet there was one or two places where card games, supposedly not gambling were stopped by police to make their work more effective.

Police report that practically every place in the city where gambling, liquor sales and vice existed were suspected was visited bu not violations were being made to the edict of the new mayor.

Disreputable houses had their doors locked and appeared to be deserted.

In short, the city was “closed up.”

Kelly’s First Act As Mayor

Several minutes after he had assumed the duties of office Tuesday Morning the Mayor signed papers giving Frank Brown, traffic patrolman, a leave of absence for one year. Brown will take up a position with the police and fire insurance company. The officer made an application for a leave to Police Chief Frank Clements and Clements referred the officer to the Mayor.

When the Mayor signed the leave it was the first time he had dipped a city pen to an official municipal document.

City Building Crowded as Mayor Makes Inaugural speech

City hall machinery today is working under the control of Howard E. Kelly and a solid republican party for the first time in a dozen years.

The G.O.P. officials who rode into office in the Republican landslide at the city election in November 1923 took the reigns of administration early Tuesday morning amid the most elaborate reception held at the city building in years.

The walls of the ancient municipal court chamber seemed to vibrate with cheers and applause which greeted the impromptu address delivered by Mayor Kelly from the municipal bench.

Hundreds of men and women were crowded into the small courtroom thirty minutes before the inaugural ceremonies started.

Briefly, Mayor Kelly outlined major planks in his platform of municipal administration. The Mayor declared a general clean-up will be started and carried to the finish.

“I will see that all laws are enforced,” the Mayor declared, “and that the city is given a cleaning.

“But I do not mean to go to the opposite extreme and create a “Blue Law” town. There will be no “Blue Law” Sundays.”

Mayor Kelly touched shortly upon financial difficulties which will arise and spoke of a determination to get to the root of the troubles, find a remedy and use the best remedial measures possible.

The Mayor’s plan was for cooperation on the part of all citizens....

One veteran political “war horse” in the crowd which cheered Kelly paid the new Mayor the “greatest tribute”.

“He’s a scrapper,” the aged campaigner said, “and he will make good. The odds are not at all in his favor but I have known that boy for a long time and he’ll come through all right. Kelly will make a good Mayor and he will give the city a good administration. I’ve seen them all for a number of years and I know this man has the right stuff.”

***

A safety director has not yet been appointed. From the mayor’s statement it is deducted [sic] that a safety director will not be appointed unless the law requires that an appointment be made...

The mayor’s reluctancy [sic] to make appointments unless they are required by law, is in support of his announced policy of cutting expenses. Should it be possible to eliminate the position of safety director and mayor’s clerk, a saving of more than $4,000 annually would result.

In the event that a safety director is not appointed, the mayor would serve in the capacity of safety director, it is believed.

Several hundred friends greet Kelly (D-N)

A crowd of several hundred persons and many beautiful floral pieces greeted the new mayor when he arrived at the city hall in the morning. 

Instead of a reception given by him to provide an opportunity for the public to see him go into office, it seemed more like a happy welcome given by the people to the new mayor.

Congratulations, compliments and many other forms of tribute rained upon the new executive until he responded with an extemporaneous talk from the bench in the courtroom.

As soon as Mayor Kelly stred his address, persons who lined the corridors and filled practically all the downstairs offices in the building attempted to pack themselves into the courtroom but many were disappointed because they couldn’t get within a distance to enable them to distinguish his statements.

Living up to his campaign promises, the mayor reiterated his declaration to “clean up” the city, but stated that his reform would not be so vigorous as to bring about “blue law” Sundays in the city.

“I want the cooperation of everyone during my administration, and if you see anyone violated a law I want to know about it whether or not he is a friend of the republican party. I do not intend to permit politics to influence me in granting favor. All the laws will be rigidly enforced.”

The mayor spoke over a bank of beautiful flowers that had been sent by friends and relatives as a token of their good wishes.

The closing statement of his address appeared to be the signal for those who had not congratulated him to push their way forward and express their appreciation of his intentions as the city’s chief executive.

Kelly starts clean-up, “lays down law” to patrolmen 

Report from the Hamilton Evening Journal
January 3, 1924

Mayor Howard E. Kelly shook hands with city patrolmen and detectives Wednesday afternoon at police headquarters and then “laid down the law.”

Straight from the shoulder, plain and forceful was the “he-man” message of the new mayor.

Clearly and without excitement Mayor Kelly told bluecoats what he expects of them. He delivered the message with much emphasis and without a “sugar coating.”

At the end of the five minute talk patrolmen went out to their districts realizing they “must produce” or see employment among other lines.

Highlights of the mayor’s talk were

• General cleaning up of the city.

• Ousting of gamblers, closing of gambling resorts.

• Elimination of card games and crap games.

• Arrest all violators of law.

• Closing up of the “Jungles.”

• Lack of discrimination in making arrests.

• Apprehension of all law violators without favorites.

When bluecoats and plainclothes men lined up in response to the mayor’s call the chief executive shook hands with each patrolman. Then Mayor Kelly mounted the municipal court bench and began his talk.

“Fellows, I called you together this afternoon for two reasons. First I wanted to meet all of you and secondly because there are some things which you need to know.

“During my campaign I promised to clean up the city. I meant that promise and am going to fulfill it.

“When I was a private citizen I heard things said about the police department and the officers of the police department. It was because of the laxity that existed in it. It is up to you officers to command the respect of the public and you can only command this respect when  you do that which is right when  you enforce all laws.

“When I see you on the street, I expect you to salute and I assure you that I will return the courtesy.

“I am going to be as good to you patrolmen as anyone. I will back you men with all the authority of my office. But there is no use in your kidding me or trying to kid me. I know what is going on in the city and I repeat there will be no use in kidding me.

“I want you fellows, tonight, to go into all the gambling dens, so-called soft drink parlors and clear out gambling devices. I also want you to stop all card games and crap games.

“Today already I received four reports on one crap game. I want this crap game pinched.

“In your crusade against law violators, I repeat that I will give you my backing to the fullest extent.

“Not one of you officers is going to be fired or suspended without first coming before me. If you are proven guilty of charges, there will be no place on the force for you. If you are proven innocent there will be no fear of you not receiving justice.

“I want you fellows to know what I’m up against. And it will depend greatly upon you whether or not I carry out my pledges to clean the city. And the city will be cleaned. If not by you men, it will be cleaned by others.

“The past administration fixed a budget of $14,000 [?] for the safety department.Sinking fund charges are so great that I will receive only $118,500 to operate the safety department.

“I don’t want to commercialize vice, but I want the guilty apprehended and arraigned in court. And I want them to pay fines.

“I will look with disfavor upon anything you can get which you let slip by you.

“Look at Monroe and Seven Mile. They have reaped a financial  harvest off of the law violators--the liquor law violators of Hamilton.

“I want you fellows to look into this liquor game and clean it up right.

“If you don’t know where they’re selling it find out and make arrests. It’s being sold here.

“I have no favorites nor have I any friends among such a class of citizenry.

“I want you fellows to clean up “the jungles”. I don’t want you to go out and tell the violators to get under cover. I want you to arrest the violators and bring them to police headquarters. I want every law violator cleared out.”

“Don’t worry about who you get. You know your duties. Don’t play favorites.

“We need $180,000 at least for the safety department. It’s up to you men to help me get it. Again. I want to stress that I do not want to commercialize vice but I want the law violators to pay so that there will no longer be wholesale law violation here.

“I am going to be here two years. I hope you fellows will also be  here two years but you will not be here unless  you do your duty--and you know what your duty is. I’m with you to the limit when you perform your duty. When you fail, I’m against you.

“I want you to have the respect of all citizens and I want you to respect citizens. Always be courteous to the public.

“What you me do in the first 309 days will be a keynote to what is going to happen. I want law violators brought in. Go out and do your duty.

“I have every faith you are going to do what’s right and I’m going to help you and back you up to the limit.

“I’m going to back you men up for bringing in law violators. I’m not going to censure you for it. I have no friends in the class of law violators.

“I’m glad to have met you all. I hope you understand what I say and mean. Upon your actions and your record depends what will happen by February 1.

“I have to live on the appropriations made last August. The law prevents me from issuing deficiency bonds.

“I want you men to feel free to come into my office at any time with any suggestions about anything. I want my office to be a clearing house for your troubles. Fellows, we’ll go in a mass to get law violators if necessary.

“Again, I say I’m glad to have met  you all and  hope you will be with me here on February 1 and for the next two years. But do your duty and start doing it now.”

Officers heard the talk without comment and silently went out on their “beats.”

All things considered, James Frank Anderson and Cleona Collins got along pretty good for the first eleven months of their tragic affair. They had a lot in common. They were about the same age, both natives of Kentucky, living with families that came to Hamilton chasing jobs at the Champion Coated Paper Mill. Both were devout and frequent church-goers and both had been previously married. 

Jim’s people came from Tyner in Jackson County. He got married after six years in the U.S. Army, but had been granted a divorce on grounds of his ex-wife’s adultery, and so won custody of their six-year-old daughter Edna May. They lived at 424 North 7th St. with his elderly parents, Skelton Mack and Eugenia Anderson, and his brother Robert, a postal carrier, along with Robert’s wife Elizabeth and daughter Mary. The other two brothers were ministers: Reverend John Anderson, Oakland, California, and Reverend Bilge Anderson of Tyner.

Cleona’s people came from Estill County. The household at 406 North 2nd St. included her twice-widowed father Neal, her unmarried sister Provie, and married sister Alice King, along with Alice’s husband Tom and daughter Eva. Cleona’s husband Buford Collins had died of typhoid fever in 1906, just three months after they were married. She never got over it.

Jim and Cleona both worked at the Champion, but they met at the First Baptist Church on Court Street. On the tragic Sunday night, he was about to turn thirty-seven in a couple of months, and she was just a few weeks shy of her thirty-sixth birthday. They often attended church services together, usually at the First Baptist Church. Jim was a tithing member of the Orange Grove Baptist Church at Tyner, but had recently been thinking about transferring his membership to the local church where Cleona was a member.

The nature and future of their relationship, however, was a wedge between them. He wanted to marry her. She did not want to marry him. She once told him that she enjoyed his company, but her heart was buried in a Kentucky grave. She told a friend that she could never love another man, and another that she would not marry a man who had been divorced. She told her friends that she had told Jim on many occasions that if his object was matrimony, he should seek out another woman. But if not, they could still be friends.  She told a niece that she was on the verge of insisting that he take his love elsewhere. She complained to her friends that Jim was “too serious” and “too jealous.” She had a deaf mute pen pal in Erie, Pennsylvania, and Jim often insisted that she give up the practice. She did not. Her sister said that they often had disagreements over his jealousy, that Jim would reprimand Cleona for talking to other men.

They went to the First Baptist Church on Court Street together on the morning of January 20, 1924, and had made plans to accompany another couple to Sunday evening services at the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lindenwald. In the afternoon, Jim went home and took a nap. Cleona went to a lecture at the YMCA with Jim’s sister-in-law Elizabeth. When she got back to the family home later that afternoon, she announced to the family of her evening plans.

Cleona telephoned the Anderson house at around 5 p.m. Robert answered and got Jim out of bed to take the call. Robert would later say that the conversation sounded somewhat heated.

Shortly after 6 p.m., Anderson came to the Thomas home and stayed just a few minutes before he and Cleona stepped out into the bitter cold. They walked over to the Ideal Confectionary, a candy store and lunch counter at High and Second streets, where they were to meet Edward Johnson, 28, 515 Main Street, and Minnie Watkins, 20, 218 Warwick Ave. Miss Watkins and Cleona worked in the same department at the Champion. Johnson and Watkins we're already sitting at a table eating when Jim and Cleona entered.

Johnson would later say: “Anderson walked back to our table. I invited him and Mrs. Collins to eat and he refused, saying they already had their suppers. As he turned and walked back to where Mrs. Collins was standing, we finished eating and got up. We followed them to the front door a few steps behind. At the front door I stopped to pay the check for the food as I was receiving the change, I heard several shots fired.”

A woman outside screamed. Another fainted. Patrons of the candy store began to flee. Miss Watkins said that after she heard the first few shots, “I opened the door [and] I saw Mrs. Collins turn and throw her arms up. As she was turning I saw Anderson fire the last two shots, pointing the gun at her head. Then Mrs. Collins fell against the door and Anderson turned and ran.”

The gun was a .25 calibre Omega automatic pistol that Jim had purchased a week earlier at a Third Street pawn shop.

Robert Kash, 21, 1270 Lane St., happened to be crossing High Street toward the Ideal Confectionery at the time of the shooting. He saw Anderson running north on Second Street and impulsively decided to take up pursuit. He was unarmed, so he took out his pocket knife, then noticed the gun laying on the sidewalk next to the prone body of Cleona Collins in the doorway to the candy store. He picked up the gun and began shouting for Anderson to halt. Anderson did not stop, but bore down as he rounded the corner at Market Street with Kash in hot pursuit. Anderson turned north onto Third Street and Kash gained on him, and as they approached the alley just south of Dayton Street, Kash grabbed the fugitive by the coat sleeve.

“I didn’t do it! I didn’t do it!” Anderson repeated hysterically.

“You did do it and you know you did,” Kash said. “I saw you do it.”

“You’re not police! You can’t arrest me,” the gunman said as he tried to resist.

“Yes, I can,” Kash replied, and keeping a firm hold on the man’s arm as he tried to wrest loose, walked him back to the scene of the crime. He surrendered the prisoner and the revolver to Hamilton Police Officer Jack Keating, who had just arrived, as did nearly a hundred spectators, gathered around shivering in the cold.

Seven shots had been fired from the gun. Five of them hit Cleona. The first one pierced her heart and lungs and probably killed her instantly. There were wounds on her left shoulder and collarbone, her left upper arm, and her left elbow. Two bullets were found in her clothing, having passed through her body.

James Frank Anderson seemed alternately nervous and sullen at the city jail. He refused to talk about the shooting, but just kept saying, “I loved her,” and wept copiously during questioning. Again and again he reiterated that he did not know why he shot the woman before bursting into tears. “I have been taking a lot of medicine," he cried. His behavior had Chief of Police Frank Clements wondering if the man was either a drug addict or insane.

A search of his North 7th Street room revealed several bottles and boxes containing pills and patent medicines. One container was labeled potassium bromide. There were several boxes of headache tablets. One bottle was labeled quinine and strychnine. The bottle was practically empty. Another bottle of patent medicine had just arrived in the mail from Kansas City.

The family was huddled around a little stove in the living room when police came to conduct the search, weeping and holding each other. They had already received the news. Robert and Elizabeth had been at the Lindenwald church service and were expecting Frank and Cleona and the others when they heard the news and rushed home. Elizabeth took the mother and little girl upstairs to break the news while Robert told his father.

The Evening Journal painted a pathetic scene: “The mother who had fought the battles of early life for her boys, who had been brave in the face of sadness, not with her head downward, her frail body shaking with sobs and one arm resting upon the arm of her husband and the other about Edna Mae, the six-year-old child of her son James. It was indeed a picture that would bring tears to the eyes of strangers.”

The first words came from the elderly father, who lifted his eyes heavenward and prayed, “God be merciful on us at this time. Why? why? I can't believe that Jim would do a thing like that. Mother and I know that he is a good boy and we know that he thought a heap of Cleona. She was here to dinner the other day. I believe he must have been out of his mind and God knows that if he wasn't he soon will be after he thinks of what he has done.”

“I raised him right,” the heartbroken mother wailed and wept. “I cannot understand the reason for it all. And the last several days Jim did not seem exactly right."

His family agreed that Anderson had been acting “queerly” of late, that he seemed transfixed on the various potions and pills he had collected. They seemed as devastated by the tragedy as Cleona’s own family. “She was endeared to us,” Elizabeth Anderson said. 

His family knew that he had purchased the revolver, but he never offered an explanation for it. He was comfortable with guns, having served six years in the U.S. Army prior to the Great War.

The family hired attorney Fred M. Hinkle to represent their son. Hinkle reported to the press that he had tried to interview his client at the jail in the presence of Chief Clements. The prisoner was able to answer some questions clearly, but was mostly incoherent. Anderson seemed confused, constantly asking the question, “Can’t a man defend himself?” When Hinkle asked why he did it, Anderson said, “I never thought of shooting her, it just happened. I don't know what made me do it. Everything seems to be blank.”

Hinkle said that it seems likely Anderson was broken physically and mentally, that he was insane when he shot Mrs. Collins, intimating an insanity defense.

Chief Clements, however, had altered his view of Anderson’s sanity. At one point in the questioning, Anderson is said to have bewailed the effect his shooting would have on his aged parents—especially his mother—and his little daughter. “What will become of them?” he wailed.

Clements told reporters: “An insane man does not think of the effect his actions have on other persons,  so far as my experience has taught me."

Monday afternoon, two alienists put Anderson through extensive tests to determine his level of sanity. Chief Clements announced the results: “He showed no trace, sign or symptom of insanity. Doctor Flenner and Doctor Schell employed every known method to determine whether or not Anderson was insane. However, the examination did establish that Anderson has a very low mentality. The physicians described Anderson as being ignorant... I have never known of an insane person to cry or consider the feelings of others, especially those dear to them. Anderson burst into tears when he thought of his aged mother and child.”

Clements said that during the examination by the alienists, no one mentioned the killing. But Anderson espoused a scattering knowledge of medicine and tonics, some of it learned during his five years of service in the Army Medical Corps. 

The trial of James Frank Anderson took a full week, the massive crowds increasing each day until the Daily News cheekily reported that the walls of the courtroom swelled outward like a balloon. Monday was devoted to the selection of a jury. The prosecution presented its case on Tuesday, and the rest of the week was a battle of alienists giving conflicting opinions of Anderson’s sanity and mental health.

On Saturday, March 8, 1924, a jury deliberated seven hours before returning a verdict of guilty of first degree murder, but recommended mercy instead of the death penalty. Judge Clarence Murphy agreed, sentencing James Frank Anderson to life in prison.

While battling in turf and media wars with other mayors and struggling to bring money into the city through prohibition fines, Mayor Howard E. Kelly was also trying to keep the police department staffed and dealing with disciplinary issues within the department.

Kelly said that on Saturday, March 13, 1924, a citizen called him at 10 o’clock informing him of two police officers who “were not acting properly.” The mayor said he and Safety Director Joseph B. Meyers scoured the city and found Officers Joe Cahill, a 22-year veteran, and Officer William Duellmann standing in front of a cafe at Seventh and Ludlow streets. He watched them for thirty-three minutes.

Cahill went into the rear room of the  cafe for three minutes after a man in shirt sleeves gave him a signal to enter. The mayor then went to the door and rapped. The man refused to open the door. Kelly asked where Cahill went and the man said there was no officer there. Kelly then pushed the door open and found Cahill hiding behind it. The room smelled of moonshine. Cahill’s breath smelled like moonshine and “his tongue was heavy.”

Cahill denied he had been drinking and only went into the cafe to use the washroom and that’s what he was doing when the mayor started pounding on the door. He said he didn’t tell the cafe owner to shield him and he didn’t know why he wouldn’t let the mayor in at first. He said that he and Deullmann were outside the cafe talking to a man who was giving information on the location of a still. 

Meyers dropped the charges on Duellmann for drinking on duty, saying that it was not proved, but suspended Cahill from duty while charges of conduct unbecoming an officer made its way through the courts.

Further trouble erupted on March 19 when Patrolman Joe Koons came to blows in municipal court with former Mayor Harry J. Koehler Jr. in a liquor trial. Koons was on the stand testifying about the moonshine whiskey confiscated in a raid. Koehler represented the defendants. 

The raid occurred March 13 at 49 Chestnut Street. Inspector Ed Hoffman made a raid on the home of John and Fannie Brooks with Detective Morton and Patrolmen Koons and Garver. Fannie Brooks testified that John Brock, a defendant in the case, had come to the house to deliver a bushel of coal.

“He came in the front door and walked through the house to the kitchen. He was going out the back door when the officers arrived. She said Garver entered the house first, without warning, pushed Brock back into the kitchen, cursing at him and calling him names. Brock had a bottle, but she didn’t know what was in it, but he threw it to the floor and broke it when the officers rushed in.

“Garver struck me with his fist,” she testified. “I was knocked to the floor under the table and he and Morno fell on me. Hoffman held me while they hit me. Broock came into the house after I screamed. I don’t know where he was. When Brooks entered, Garver threatened to hit him, too, if he took exception to what had been done. Garver then struck him with a pair of brass knuckles. Hoffman, she said, kicked her husband while he was down. She also intimated that the raiders stole from her.

“There was money upstairs on the dresser. It was gone after the raid and has not come back.”

The officers refuted her statements, saying that both Mr. and Mrs. Brooks and Brock resisted them at every turn. When they first entered the home, Brock had a bottle of moonshine and handed it to Mrs. Brooks, who dashed the bottle to the ground. Morton mopped up the liquid with a handkerchief and squeezed the liquor into a glass jar, which was offered as evidence. Brooks came into the house three minutes after the raid started. When they were gathered in the dining room and the three defendants were told they were under arrest, the woman started cursing and throwing everything in sight at the officers. Garver said he struck Brooks because “he got tough” and attempted to interfere. While Garver and Brooks were struggling, Brock tried to come up behind the officer and slug him from behind, but Koons struck him and knocked him down. 

Tension started brewing during Koehler’s direct examination of Koons when he questioned the officer about his record. “Were you not called on the carpet on drunkenness charges and for loafing around the Boling place (at B and Arch streets)?

“I was found not guilty,” Koons retorted hotly.

City Solicitor Millikin Shotts objected and Judge Kautz told the Koons that he did not have to answer if he didn’t want to.

Koehler began to ask questions about other occasions when he had been “called on the carpet” with charges of conduct unbecoming an officer.

“Things were different then, under a different administration,” Koons replied sourly. Koehler was mayor at the time.

Koons testified that in his four years on the police force he had many occasions to smell and drink moonshine, which qualified him to identify it if he smelled it.

Koehler asked if he had ever drank moonshine during his service as a police officer and he answered, “Many times.”

On redirect, city solicitor Millikin Shotts asked Koons where or not he had been intoxicated since the first of 1924. Koons said he had not.

Koehler asked: “Were you intoxicated within the last four years?

Koons responded angrily: “Yes and so have you!”

“You’re a liar,” Koehler hotly retorted.

Bracing himself in the witness chair, Koons shouted: “You won’t come out on the street and call me that.” He pointed a finger at him and said sarcastically: “You’re a gentleman.”

Koehler stood up in his chair and shouted, “Yes, I will! Come on out!” and started as if to exit the courtroom, passed by the witness chair and stared at Koons belligerently.

Then “like a flash,” the Evening Journal reported, Koons jumped from the chair and with an overhand swing caught Koehler with a glancing blow off his shoulder to the jaw. Koehler swung a right uppercut that landed on Koon’s chin and gave him a push at the same time. The two exchanged glancing blows. Koons struck Koehler on the head and the former mayor reeled against the door to the police chief’s office, regained his footing and rushed back at the patrolman. The small, crowded courtroom erupted into chaos as more policemen jumped into the fray. The defendant John Brock jumped over the rail to get out of the way.

Patrolman Bryon Ferguson and other officers stepped between them. Koons kicked wildly trying to get at the other man, who was himself being subdued by other officers in the room. An officer pushed Koons, still kicking wildly, back toward the witness chair where he had been sitting, and the chair broke. All the while Judge Kautz gaveled loudly and called for more officers. 

As he was being dragged from the courtroom by three men, Koehler shouted at Judge Kautz: “I demand that that man be arrested for assault and that he be jailed for contempt of court.”

Kautz dismissed the liquor charges against the three defendants because it was never established conclusively whose bottle it was, but they were each fined $5 for resisting arrest.

Mayor Kelly, who was in the courtroom during the entire fracas, declared, “I will back up the patrolman. I will not fire Koons. In my opinion, Koehler antagonized Koons by asking personal questions.”

Kautz did charge Koons with contempt of court, and while that case was pending before Common Pleas Judge Clarence Murphy, Koons remained on duty and Mayor Kelly decided to take matters into his own hands.

Without any police back-up, Kelley walked into the cafe of John Casey at Chestnut and Monument around 9:20 p.m. April 3, 1924, broke up a poker game and arrested Casey for allowing gambling.

Kelly would later say that he had been tipped off to the game by someone who had lost a lot of money in it.

He slipped in quietly and took the four poker players by surprise as he leveled a pistol, which he routinely carried, on them.

“If anyone moves or tries to escape, I’ll plug him,” the mayor shouted, he told reporters later. “Even in the face of a revolver one of them took a chance and rushed through a door. The other [man] who had strayed a little from the others returned in the face of my command. Casey was not at the place at the time. After I had the men under cover, things went peacefully enough.”

One of the men looked at his watch, and in an ironic tone said that it wasn’t such a lucky evening. The mayor said he threw down a full house. Despite the order to stay put, three of the men fled as Kelly went about the business of confiscating two decks of cards and $1.90 that was laying on the table. He destroyed the table and seized the table cover as evidence.

After charging Casey and the four poker players, Kelly said he would make no effort to apprehend the three who fled, but signed warrants against them. “He assumed a sporting attitude and said that since they were willing to take the chance of escaping he did not intend to try to catch them,” said the Daily News. The arrests held up and Casey paid a $25 fine and the four players $5 each.

After the one-man raid, Kelly continued on patrol, spotting Joe Boone walking out of an alley between Central Avenue and Fourth Street. The man was apparently drunk, and a search revealed a bottle of moonshine. Judge Kautz fined him $100. Some police were reported to be in awe as Boone was a well-known “police character” and had some years earlier knifed an officer in a similar frisking situation.

When told by a reporter that Boone was a dangerous character, Kelly replied: “That surprises me. Not to be boasting or anything like that, but when I took him in, he was so weak, possibly from liquor, that a half-nelson used on his arm brought the admission that I had him. He was peaceful during the remainder of our trip to police headquarters.”

The next night, Mayor Kelly went out on the liquor beat again, this time with an “executive raiding squad” that included Safety Director Meyers and Ora Poffinbarger, superintendent of the gas and water works department. Kelly was at police headquarters around six o’clock when a tip came in. Patrolman Robert Leonard was the only available officer, so Kelly took the matter in hand, deputizing the only other men in the building. They dropped in on Walter Boomershine, 339 Vine Street, and seized five gallons of moonshine. Boomershine was fined $300 in the municipal court. He paid it in cash.

On June 2, 1924, the long-expected ax fell on the police department. Faced with a semi-monthly payroll of $5,500 and a safety department fund of only $200, the force was basically cut in half. The staff was reduced to twenty-four men, fifteen on the beat and nine officers on house duty. City auditor R.B. Garrett said the city had enough money in the general fund to pay police salaries, but that firemen would have to wait for their money.

This was a good news/bad news situation for Officer Joe Cahill. Charges of conduct unbecoming an officer went away as he was one of the laid-off officers.

The time of the explosion was determined by the clock in the window of Ed Hunt’s Seven Mile barbershop, next door to Mayor Morris Y. Shuler’s house. 

The clock stopped precisely at 12:48 a.m., May 14, 1924. Windows in the shop were shattered, as were the windows in the home of Homer Cunningham, just on the other side of the barbershop, two doors from the Shuler home.

“We were sure that the bank had been robbed when we heard the explosion,” said Mrs. Cunningham.

Edward Cracker, who lives four squares from the mayor’s home, reported that he had heard the explosion as though it had been next door.

The only people in Seven Mile who weren’t awakened by the blast were the family of Mayor Shuler, his wife and adopted ten-year-old daughter, Dorothea, who were asleep in the second story of their home. Even their normally-vigilant old watchdog, temporarily sleeping in the house recovering from having been struck by an automobile a few days earlier, did not rouse.

This is especially odd because the explosion that shook Seven Mile happened in the basement of the Shuler house.

The village had already been excited, people wandering about looking for the source of the boom when Mrs. Shuler woke and drowsily smelled smoke. She became alarmed and awakened her husband, who set about to investigate.

Shuler: “I knew nothing of the explosion until my wife called that she thought the house was on fire. I came to the lower floor of the house and smelled smoke, and went to the cellarway to investigate. The cellar door was open. Then I tried to turn on the cellar light, but I found it impossible. Thinking that something unusual had happened, I turned on the light in the dining room and found that glass from the windows covered the floor. It was then I learned exactly what had happened.”

Ten of the home’s twelve windows were shattered, including two in the attic. Weather boarding was torn from the outside near the cellar window on the south side of the house. Nails protruded from the boards, “indicating that the house had quivered,” the Evening Journal surmised.

Ten windows were broken, including two in the attic. The explosion tore off the weatherboarding on the south side of the house.

Pictures had fallen from the wall, but in a china closet across the room from the window through which the charge had been placed, only one cup had broken. A small bottle of moonshine, evidence in one of the mayor’s liquor cases, sood on the edge of a buffet close to the window, undisturbed.

Damage in the cellar was greater. Large stones from the foundation had been hurled through a partition wall made of one-inch thick boards dividing off the coal bin. Other stones were thrown through furnace pipes. Electric light wires were broken. Dry cement and stone covered the cellar floor. The house and everything in it was coated with a thin film of soot.

Sheriff Rudy Laubach arrived on the scene with city detectives Herman Dulle and Albert Mueller. It appeared as though someone had opened a window in the cellar, lowered a stick of dynamite into the home, stretched a fuse approximately 50 feet long to a barn at the rear of the lot adjoining on Elkton Pike. The fuse, they guessed, would have burned for more than forty-five minutes, giving the culprits who placed the dynamite ample opportunity to get halfway to Cincinnati or Dayton before the actual explosion occurred.

Clues were sparse. Someone reported seeing a man prowling around a week earlier, standing at the corner of Seven Mile Pike and Elkton Pike. One neighbor said a man was driving a Ford coupe around the block several times earlier that evening. Mayor Shuler himself recalled that his daughter Ruth, who was in Cincinnati at the time of the explosion, had on at least two occasions recently spotted a strange man lurking about the premises. The most recent incident happened about 12:30 in the morning, about the same time of day as the explosion. Both times he had gone out to look around, but found nothing.

Shortly before 12:30 that morning, while resident Mark Hauser was returning home, he saw four men standing in front of a butcher shop. He said they were “well-built,” one in particular unusually tall.

“After I saw the men,” said Hauser, “I went to my home about a square away from where Mayor Shuler lives, and it was not long before I heard a terrific explosion.”

They measured and photographed the footprints found in the garden leading up to the window where the explosion occurred. The investigation was being conducted by Laubach and the Hamilton detectives. Officers of Shuler’s court were not recalled, Shuler saying they were working on their regular cases.

The sheriff surmised that the house and the family’s lives were saved due to the strength of the home’s construction. It had been built in the days when great oak timbers were used, and one particularly large timber was directly above the window where the dynamite was inserted. The timber had possibly absorbed and withstood that part of the blast that would have gone upward and undoubtedly collapsed a less-rigid construction.

Men in the village expressed the opinion that enough dynamite had been used to blow up the entire community, if it had been used in the proper manner.

No one in the village slept that night, and by the time daylight rolled around people had come in from all over to inspect the damage.

Mayor Shuler told reporters that he had no immediate suspects. So far in 1924, Shuler had disposed of 128 cases, more than he had heard in all of 1923. He said he had received a number of threatening letters, none recently, but paid no attention to them. “The mayor pointed to the fact that he was merely attempting to enforce the laws and that an attempt at spite work or of a protest against Prohibition or any other laws should be aimed at the law and not at the person who enforces it after it is made,” the Journal said.

“Looks like they tried to get you,” one villager remarked.

“I don’t think so,” the mayor said. “I think they just tried to scare me. We will keep right at it. We have a case scheduled for hearing at 8 a.m. and it will be for trial.”

The village council met that morning and voted to offer up a $500 reward and the citizens of Seven Mile pooled together for another $500 initially, only to add another $500 the following day. Neighbors also pitched in to help clean up the house, which was covered with a fine soot. The village was solidly in the Mayor’s corner, with good reason.

“Hundreds of liquor cases have been tried before Mayor Shuler at his court in Seven Mile and the village has benefited immensely by the great revenue pouring from fines assessed in his court,” the Evening Journal reported. Seven Mile citizens were aroused “to a wild pitch of excitement and they are determined to leave no stone unturned in an effort to apprehend those responsible for the dastardly act... determined to show forces opposed to Prohibition that they are behind Shuler and his efforts to enforce the law. Civic improvements have been made possible through the activity of Shuler and his liquor raiders and residents there are enjoying unprecedented prosperity due to the fact that his agents have been so successful in rounding up violators of the Volstead act.

“The raids will go on,” Shuler told a Cincinnati Commercial reporter. “Someone is trying to scare me and the scare won’t take.”

Operations of the court did go on as usual. George Murphy of St. Clair Township was charged with possessing implements for the manufacture of liquor was the first case on the docket. He was found guilty and fined $1,000 and costs.

***

On July 2, Hamilton Mayor Howard Kelly’s report to council on his first six months in office included the pronouncement that “moral conditions” in the city were ninety percent better since he took the city’s helm. He specifically said that “every effort is being made by police to eliminate vice, gambling, and the sale of intoxicating liquors.”

But the Evening Journal noted, “The report does not say that efforts have been successful... Yet, the mayor says that arrests have been fewer in recent months because law violators have their ‘system of signals’ which result in the destruction of evidence and blocking of raids.”

Mayors Kelly and Shuler officially “buried the hatchet” at Seven Mile’s Homecoming celebration on July 4, an elaborate event funded by the influx of cash to the village from the dry court. Both mayors took to the dais during the afternoon session and spoke on the letters they wrote back and forth regarding the jurisdiction of the mayor’s courts. 

Shuler noted that Hamilton was trying to find money to buy tires for its firetrucks while Seven Mile had just purchased a brand new truck with all the bells and whistles. He light-heartedly suggested that Seven Mile annex Hamilton in order to relieve the financial conditions there.

Kelly told the crowd that there was “room enough” in Hamilton for both forces to work together on the liquor question.

They shook hands, and Shuler challenged Kelly to a bowling match. The big event took place at the Hamilton Y in August. 

Kelly beat his Seven Mile rival, 97-77.

Encouraged by the influx of cash into Seven Mile, Mayor William Stewart of Monroe amped up the activities of his dry raiders. 

Around 9:30 a.m. Monday morning, May 24, 1924, a team of dry agents led by Monroe agents Robert Beveridge and Pat Hannah landed in Hamilton in speedy cars with the back-up of the state and “with deliberation and no hesitancy,” the Daily News reported, landed in the lower Second Ward and “with lightning speed raided three houses and placed six... under arrest.” 

They quickly hauled them off to the county jail, handed them over to Sheriff Laubach, and hurried out for more dry enforcement. By 11 a.m. the raiders had traveled more than ten miles in different parts of the city and made ten raids, though not all of them resulted in arrests or seizures. There were no stills found in any of the raids, and all of the liquor confiscated was in pint and half-pint bottles. No tally of the confiscation was made available, but the amounts were not particularly significant.

Still, news of the raid hit Hamilton Mayor Howard Kelly “like a bombshell.” While the raids were going down, the mayor was in conference with other city officials discussing the imminent lay-off of a third of the police force. The Daily News said: “Visions of thousands of dollars in fines to be collected by the Monroe Mayor from the liquor cases were enlarged in the minds of city officials who within the last week have reduced the police force and have admonished officers to trap dry law violators in order that funds might be added to the depleted city safety budget.”

It wasn’t reported how much in fines the eighteen people arrested that morning would pay the village of Monroe, but it was expected to far exceed the Hamilton police department salaries budget of $5,500. 

Although it was reported that Mayor Kelly was fuming behind closed doors, he told the Evening Journal: “We have only five patrolmen on at day and these men are doing their best to find liquor law violators. They cannot search every home or spend a week gathering evidence as the state crews can. As long as my officers extend their best efforts there can be no complaint.”

The Monroe officials apparently took their fine collecting seriously. On June 4, Dr. Verecker was called to the county jail to look after Clement Derinski, a 25-year-old man who lived on Princeton Pike and had not paid fines of $900 that had built up against him in the Monroe mayor’s court for liquor violations. There was also a warrant for writing a bad $500 check to pay some of the fines.

Officers Beveridge and Hannah arrested him at his home. But before he was safely ensconced in jail, he was badly bruised and beaten. He blamed it on Beveridge, whom he said assaulted the prisoner three times, once at his home, once outside the jail, and once in a jail office, the final incident knocking him out cold for five full minutes.

People working on the south side of the courthouse told the Evening Journal they saw it go down. Apparently, Derinski tried to attempt a bolt-and-run when the two dry agents were removing him from their automobile. Hannah and Beveridge chased him to South Monument Avenue and as he approached the railroad bridge, both officers took shots at the fleeing man, and he surrendered himself.

 “The chauffeur [Hannah] held Derinksi while Beveridge struck three blows to his face.”

The prisoner was in a dazed condition, talking incoherently and mumbling to himself. He had a black eye and several cuts on his face. He said that his nerves were shattered, but Vereker said the blows were not serious. 

Beveridge came back at noon to take the prisoner to court. When Beveridge brought out his handcuffs, Derinski remarked, “You don’t need them, mister. I ain’t going to run away.”

“Well, I’ve been having a footrace with you for the last year, and you’ll stay close to me hereafter,” Beveridge said as he slapped on the cuffs.

They bantered with an Evening Journal reporter about the shooting incident a few hours earlier. Beveridge admitted that he had fired two shots at the running man. “We didn’t intend to wound him,” he said.

“No, but the bullets whizzed close to my ears,” Derinski remarked as he was being loaded into the automobile.

The corruption in Hamilton and Butler County wasn’t limited to bootleggers and moonshiners during the Prohibition years. Some of the good ol’ boy style of political favoritism came to light in the fall of 1924 when two Butler County Commissioners were indicted for taking bribes in exchange for road construction contracts.

The scandal started stirring when Oxford contractor Howard Coulter got fed up with the corruption and with the help of Hamilton businessmen organized a sting operation to catch Commissioners Walter Carr of Monroe and Frank Kinch of Hamilton in the act of accepting bribes.

Coulter, a former stage coach driver from Colorado, had worked around Butler County as a road contractor for four years. In the fall of 1923, he bid upon a contract for improvements on the Oxford-College Corner pike. He was the low bidder for part of the contract, which totaled more than $27,000.

Before the contract was formally offered, he wrote in a statement to the press, “I was approached by the two county commissioners Carr and Kinch and was told that they expected me to pay the sum of $1,500 for awarding the contract to me. At the same time, one of the commissioners advised me that he felt he had $500 coming from me upon previous contracts I had completed for the county.”

He declined to pay them, but got the contract anyway. He didn’t get the work done that fall before the weather turned bad, and suspended operations until the spring. In May, Carr and Kinch came after him again. 

“I advised them that I did not have the money and at which time Mr. Kinch said, ‘Well, if you haven’t got it all now, just pay it twenty-five or fifty dollars a week.’” Coulter again demurred.

He took a trip to Colorado in June, hiring engineer Roy Hine to look after the College Corner Pike project. Carr and Kinch went there looking for Coulter on three occasions during the two months he was in Colorado, drawing Hine into the case and threatening to withhold a remaining payment of nearly $15,000 if they did not get their cut. According to Coulter’s allegations: “Mr. Carr informed [Hine] that unless they got this money, I would have to sandpaper the road before they would ever sign the final estimate.”

Even after Coulter returned from Colorado and Hine left his employ, Kinch and Carr hounded both men for their kickback, according to Coulter. In August, Hine came to Coulter at home to tell him Carr had been after him again. “I sent back a reply to them by Mr. Hine ‘that I did not do business that way, that I had sandpapered the job from the start and that I would not give them a damn cent.’”

When he got word that Carr had “abusing and upbraiding” him in public, he began to seriously fear that he would not get the money due him. He sought advice from the Chamber of Commerce and Marc Welliver, a local real estate and insurance man.

With the help of an ad hoc committee of bankers, industrialists, and other businessmen, Welliver and Coulter raised money to hire private detectives Joe Cleary and Irving James, recommended by the Columbus Chamber of Commerce, to assist them in the operation and donated $1,000 in cash to be used as bait. They also enlisted the support of Butler County Prosecutor P.P. Boli and the liquor-crusading mayor of Seven Mile, Squire Morris Y. Shuler.

The detective James, in the meantime, posed as an oil businessman from Colorado who had come to visit Coulter and perhaps partner in local contracting work. In this guise, James met with Carr and Kinch to get their recommendation of Coulter and let it be known that he had money to invest.

Hine agreed to continue his role as an emissary in the operation, and shortly before the road was to be completed, Hine went to Carr to tell him that Coulter had surrendered, and if Carr would agree to sign off on the contract, he would pay them their due as the angel from Colorado was going to loan him the money.

After the commissioners signed off on the College Corner Pike work, Hines told Carr and Kinch that if they would come to the barn on Darrtown Road near where Coulter had a crew working, they could pick up their money between 2 and 2:30 p.m. Moday, October 20.

Coulter waited outside the barn with James, undercover as the angel from Colorado. A car was parked next to the open barn door. Lying on the front seat of the car was his jacket, and in the jacket pocket $1,000 cash in two envelopes clearly marked with the words “CARR” and “KINCH”. 

At 1:45, fifteen minutes ahead of schedule, Kinch and Carr parked the latter’s automobile in the lane leading to the barn.

James and Coulter met them, and guided them back to the car near the open barn door. James retrieved his jacket from the seat, pulled the two envelopes from the pocket, handing one to Carr and one to Kinch. Kinch counted the $250 in his envelope and placed it in his pocket. Carr put the envelope with $750 cash in his pocket without counting the bills.

James told the commissioners that he was also interested in helping Coulter get further contracts on the Darrtown road where he was then working.

“I want to know what this job will cost us,” he said. “What will it be: five, six, or seven percent?”

Carr said that ten percent would be about right. Kinch agreed, adding, “You pay some as you can and we’ll see that you get plenty of work. We’re going to improve the road all the way through.”

Inside the barn, hiding in the hayloft, waited Columbus detective Cleary, constable Wilbur Jacobs from Mayor Shuler’s Seven Mile Court, a stenographer, and about a half-dozen other citizens,  the committee that funded the sting, including Marc Welliver.

After a few more words of conversation, James said, “Well, good-bye, gentlemen,” which was the signal for Cleary and Constable Jacobs to make the arrest. They climbed down from the loft, clambered over the bales of hay in the barn to the open door. Carr immediately pulled the money from his pocket and threw the bundle on the ground. Kinch made no movement nor protest as Cleary reached into his pocket, removed the marked bills, and handed them to Jacobs.

When Cleary informed the commissioners that they were under arrest, Carr said, “Now, listen, gentlemen, we’re all good fellows. Let’s get together and fix this up. We can’t stand publicity.”

The remaining citizens remained in the loft with the stenographer as Jacobs took the commissioners into custody and transported them to Seven Mile, leaving Carr’s machine at the scene.

Naturally, Kinch and Carr told a different story. They say they went to the scene to inspect Coulter’s work on the Darrtown Pike, and were offered the money in the barn “as a present.”

Carr claimed that he threw the money on the ground the instant it was given to him and that he refused to touch it. Kinch said that he took the money as a campaign contribution.

Kinch, 66, was serving his second term and on the primary ballot for re-election. Carr, 48, had been a commissioner for six years and was not on the current ballot.

Seven Mile Mayor Morris Y. Shuler conducted the preliminary hearing on Friday to determine if the case should go to the grand jury, but because of the public interest in the case the hearing moved to the courtroom of Judge Clarence Murphy at the county courthouse. And indeed, the Evening Journal reported, the crowd was “the largest throng ever gathered to hear a legal battle in Butler County.”

Coulter was on the stand for over two hours, called there by Prosecutor Boli and subjected to a severe cross examination by Allen Andrews, counsel for the accused commissioners.

He was “unable,” the papers reported, to give the names of the members of the ad hoc citizens committee that conducted the sting operation, saying that he took orders from Marc Welliver, a local real estate broker and “a representative of the committee.” 

Warren Gard, former judge and congressman now a part of the all-star defense team, arose and referred to Coulter as “a self-confessed briber,” said, “We have a right to inquire into what was in his mind.”

The arguments became heated, Andrews at one point charging that the whole affair was “a miserable republican scheme to elect a candidate.” 

After another hour of grilling in the afternoon session, Boli called Roy Hines to the stand and heard his side of the story after Coulter asked him to take a message to Carr: “I’m whipped. I’ll pay the money if he’ll approve the road.”

Andrews went on: “In reality, you were finishing up the bribery” by acting as Coulter’s emissary to Carr.

Hines admitted, “It looks like it.”

After Hines’s testimony, Boli rested the prosecution’s case, apparently feeling the testimony of those two men would be enough to warrant a grand jury investigation. When the defense called Marc Welliver to the stand, Boli objected vigorously to the line of questioning, claiming that Welliver was a state’s witness: “It is not permissible to question him except to bring out points in defense of  your client. We object to the defense going into anything but defense testimony.

Shuler overruled the objections, allowing Andrews to ask Welliver what he had to do with the case.

During a heated examination, Andrews asked Welliver if he directed the sting operation.

“No,” he said. “I only offered suggestions.”

Shuler recessed the court until the following Wednesday. On Monday, the defense team hurriedly subpoenaed not only Cleary and James, but four Hamilton businessmen whose names had come up during Hines’s testimony, the ad hoc committee that Welliver denied was a committee.

When the hearing resumed Wednesday, Shuler quickly ran out of patience. He heard from defense witnesses Dr. Mark Millikin, who was present in the hayloft, and S.M. Goodman, president of the Valley Mortgage Company and one of the men who provided the funding for the sting on the commissioners, also present at the hayloft.

But before Gard and Andrews could call anyone else to the stand, Shuler announced, “I don’t care to hear any further testimony of this nature. I am only interested in whether there is probable cause for binding these men over to the grand jury.”

The defense team burst into rapid-fire objections. Andrews decried the whole affair as “a political trick,” that Shuler was keeping the voters of Butler County from getting all the facts before the upcoming primary election, that he was part of a plot instigated to keep Kinch from being re-elected.

The grand jury indicted both commissioners on bribery charges, but only after Kinch lost his bid for re-election in the primary. He polled well in the city, where he had been a fireman and a policeman, but was snowed under by voters in the rest of the county.

The all-star defense team (excluding Allen Andrews, who died before the trials began) rallied to the cause and began filing motions to have the indictments quashed on various grounds. None were successful and Carr went to trial in the spring. A jury found him guilty, and the judge sentenced him to two to ten years in the Ohio Penitentiary. 

Kinch fared better when he went to trial in November 1925, convincing a jury that he accepted the money believing it to be a campaign contribution.

Carr was allowed to remain free while he appealed his sentence, and in 1926, the Ohio Supreme Court granted him a new trial. In April 1927 while he was getting ready to meet his attorney, Carr dropped dead in his Monroe home.

The Little Chicago Chronicles: Bootlegger Shot in the Back by Dry Agents

The on-going battle between bootleggers and amateur dry agents resulted in another death on September 4, 1924, when two officers shot at a man fleeing from a still in a cornfield along the river south of Trenton.

Arnold Skinner and Henry Anderson, Middletown steel-workers who moonlighted as Prohibition agents for the mayor of Trenton, had received a tip from Clem Radabaugh, a farmer working the old Augsburger place in Woodsdale, that someone had built a still on his property. They had even drilled a well so they wouldn’t have to haul water. On Wednesday, September 3, 1924, they investigated the site, found a 100-gallon still and twenty barrels of corn mash. No one was tending the distillery, at least as far as they could tell, so they left it, going back the next morning to find it still unattended.

Around noon, they dropped in on Patrolman George Williams of Middletown, who had helped them out on previous raids. Although he had worked the midnight shift and had not slept since he he got off duty at 6 a.m., Williams decided to go along.

Williams was a bit of a celebrity in Middletown. A couple of years earlier, he single-handedly thwarted the robbery of a Middletown drug store, killing two of the bandits and clipping a third one’s ear with a bullet. For his effort, Williams was rewarded with a bullet in a lung and an adoring community that raised nearly $2,000 to see him through his convalescence. 

The trio left Middletown around 1 p.m., stopped to gas up Skinner’s Hudson, and arrived at the cornfield a little after 2 p.m.

They climbed a fence and made their way along the edge of the cornfield. When they reached the clearing where the still had been set up, they saw two men tending it. But the men saw them, too, and they started running in different directions. Williams and Skinner both yelled for the men to halt. Williams followed one. He would testify that he was about fifty yards into the race when he heard shots fired. Another hundred yards and he decided to give up the chase and return to the scene. There, he saw a wounded man lying face-down on the ground about 40 feet from the still. The other two dry agents were standing over him shouting questions, asking him who the other man was and who owned the still. The wounded man, Tony Sundo, 29, refused to answer.

They carried Sundo to the road. Williams went to fetch the Hudson and he and Skinner drove Sundo to Mercy Hospital at the wounded man’s request, even though the Middletown hospital was closer. Sundo also requested that they not drive fast because of the pain. Anderson stayed behind to look after the scene.

Sundo, an Italian by birth and by trade a papermaker in a Franklin mill, had served in the United States Army and had fought in France during the war where he had been gassed, which had compromised his health. His brother would testify that Tony could only work seven or eight months at a stretch before he would “swell up” and would have to lay off until he got better.

It was not the first time Sundo had been shot by Prohibition agents. In July 1921, he tried to interfere with a raid on a still allegedly operated by his brother Joseph, and in a grapple with Coke Otto constable Dave Spivey, a bullet went through his arm and through the roof of a car. Sundo preferred charges against Spivey, but when the case was called in court, neither party responded.

Skinner and Williams delivered the wounded man to Mercy Hospital 3:30 p.m.

Coroner Cook, who happened to be in the hospital at the time, removed the bullet from the man’s abdomen, just below the ribs, about six inches higher than the wound of entrance. The bullet struck him just above the hip and just to the right of his spine. Because the bullet had traveled in an upward path, Cook determined that he was either crouching or lying down when it struck him.

The bullet was .32 caliber, the same as Skinner’s gun. Skinner admitted to Cook that both he and Anderson both fired at Sundo but told him, “I don’t know which one of us shot him but I am willing to take the responsibility,” and gave up his gun. Anderson’s gun, as it would turn out, was never handed over for evidence.

Mayor Daub of Trenton informed Sundo’s brother John and John’s wife Georgia of the shooting. John Sundo said the mayor told him his brother was not seriously wounded and that “it was good enough for him.”

“They shot and one of the bullets grazed my arm, and I dropped because I saw they had me. Before I could get on my feet, they shot me again while I was down.”

He also told her that they would “finish him” if he did not reveal the identity of his companion. “You might as well finish me,” he said. “I am dying anyway.”

Sundo would testify that his brother thought he was going to die, but John tried to reassure him. When he came to the hospital the next day he said, “Boy, you look better.”

“No,” he replied. “I am getting weaker. I can hardly see you now.”

When Skinner and Anderson delivered the still to Mayor William Daub at the Trenton jail, “the whole town turned out,” one man said, and the two agents stood around and chatted for a while. Someone asked who they shot. They said they didn’t know. Another man asked: “When you shot, did you shoot to stop or to kill?”

“We don’t shoot to stop,” Skinner said. “We shoot to kill, and we shoot first. We don’t take any chances with anybody.”

Sheriff Laubach arrested Skinner and Anderson on charges of shooting with intent to kill. He brought them to Hamilton for arraignment without taking them to jail. They were arraigned on bonds of $1,000 each, furnished by their lawyer. The newspapers noted those bonds were very low for a situation in which the victim was in critical condition.

After they furnished bond, Desk Sergeant Earl Welch explained that the bond was “day to day” and that Sundo was liable to die. Skinner replied, “Yes, and he is liable to live. We are all liable to die.”

When reporters pressed Skinner for a statement, he said: I haven’t anything to say. Write what you please.”

A reporter asked: Why did you shoot him in the back?

Skinner said, “He had mash and a still.”

Anderson didn’t say anything. Reporters learned that Skinner and Anderson both worked as steel rollers at the American Rolling Mills and only worked as dry agents as a side hustle. 

When reporters asked him about the $1,000 bond, Skinner replied, “Why, I got $20,000 myself. I own two houses and a farm.

Skinner showed police a badge indicating he was a deputy marshal of the Trenton court.

It also came out that Anderson and Skinner had been involved in a shooting earlier that year when a squad of Mayor Daub’s officers shot a man in the back while he was handcuffed. The agent involved in that incident was tried before the mayor he worked for and was given a suspended fine.

Going into the weekend, Sundo seemed to be rallying and was resting easily Saturday morning, but a hemorrhage began Saturday evening and he was taken to surgery. Dr. Cook came to the hospital and was preparing to operate, but Sundo passed before he could begin.

John Sundo, the dead man’s brother, went to the police station and signed warrants charging Skinner and Anderson with second degree murder.

The public was outraged. The Evening Journal ran an editorial screaming with a lot of capital letters decrying the death of a veteran soldier at the hands of dry officers: “The Journal is in no sympathy with law breakers, we hold no brief for bootleggers and yet we protest the action of ‘dry’ enforcement agents who ‘shoot to kill’ for such a law violation... IT IS HIGH TIME THAT THE INDIGNATION OF THE PUBLIC TAKE SOME FORM THAT WILL BE EFFECTIVE IN PUTTING AN END TO THE KILLING OF MEN IN THE NAME OF THE LAW.”

Although Coroner Cook charged the dry officers with second degree murder, the October session of the grand jury returned indictments of manslaughter against both men. They plead “not guilty” and went on trial December 8 in front of Judge Clarence Murphy.

The defendants were represented by C.D. Boyd of Middletown and Edgar A. Belden of Hamilton, a former common pleas court judge. County prosecutor P.P. Boli was assisted by former prosecutors M.O. Burns and Ben Bickley.

The morning of the first day was spent selecting a jury, then the state presented and closed its case in the afternoon.

The first witness was George Williams, who had since been promoted to Middletown chief of police. He said that he heard Skinner order Sundo to stop and the shots being fired when he was about 50 yards into his chasing the unidentified fugitive from the scene. He could tell that they were from two different guns, one small caliber, one large. When he returned to the site of the still, he saw Sundo lying on his stomach, face down.

Q: Did he make any statement?

A: He just said he was shot and asked to be taken to the Hamilton hospital.

After testimony from the coroner, several Trenton residents were called to the stand to tell the story of the conversation at the jail when the  town turned out to view the still. 

The judge allowed John and Georgia Sundo to testify as to Tony Sundo’s statements during his dying days about his treatment at the hands of the dry agents and that he did not believe he would get better.

The state rested its case after Georgia Sundo’s testimony, and former Judge Belden moved for a directed verdict acquitting the defendants on the grounds that the state had not proved its case. When Belden finished his argument, Burns took the floor and began to rebut, but Judge Murphy stopped him, saying no arguments were necessary. He denied the motion, saying that there had been sufficient evidence to show that Skinner had fired shots and that because Sundo was on the ground when shot, he had “ceased to flee.”

Skinner took the stand that afternoon and Anderson the following morning. They both admitted firing shots, but they could not see the fleeing man once he disappeared into the thicket of corn and morning glories. They both said they “shot at the ground” as a warning for him to stop, and both admitted they did not know if Sundo was the owner of the still or not. They were the only witnesses for the defense.

In his instructions to the jury, Judge Murphy said that because only one bullet contributed to Tony Sundo’s death, that only one of the two defendants could be found guilty and that it was up to the jury to determine which one. The only other possible verdict, he said, would be the acquittal of both men. He did not give any instructions as to any other possible charges regarding the incident.

The jury deliberated twenty hours before reporting back to Judge Murphy that they were in a deadlock, seven-to-five in favor of conviction.

When a second jury the following March reached an eleven-to-one deadlock, this time in favor of acquittal, Boli decided to not pursue the case any further. Skinner and Anderson went back to being part-time dry agents.

When Asher Pickens, a Cincinnati insurance salesman, disappeared after an outing at a fishing camp on the Little Miami River, a team of Hamilton County detectives came to Hamilton in  search of a young man named Richard Crane. Not much was known about him, but he had been identified as an accomplice to Asher’s apparent murder, and would become a peripheral link to one of Little Chicago’s most notorious gangsters.

The nature of the fishing camp, why the party was there, and the reported details of the events of that day are all a bit murky and confusing, but basically on October 10, 1924, Pickens had been invited to a drinking party at the Sunshine Fishing Camp at Turkey Bottom Road (Lunken Airport was in development near there at the time) with a group of friends. He and nine other men met that morning at a cafe in downtown Cincinnati that morning and went en masse to the camp. (One of the party, William Farrell, 28 of Beechmont, was killed the following week by a Pennsylvania Railroad train at the foot of Worthman Street.)

Blanche Post, 42, who apparently ran the kitchen at the camp, said she and another man had gone to the camp early Friday morning. At around 11 a.m., the ten men came in.

She cooked for men, and while they ate, Edward Nagel Jr. and his father came in. Nagel Jr. was the owner of the camp. He said that he and his father went to spend the afternoon fishing and talking about what to do with the belongings of his mother, who had died two weeks prior.

“The men were strangers to me, but I knew Miss Post,” he told police later. “I became angry because they were drinking two barrels of beer that I've been saving.” He called it “good” beer, presumably to distinguish it from the lower-alcohol, legal “near” beer.

“Pickens, whom I did not know, invited me to have a drink.”

Witnesses said that Pickens was eating steak and eggs at the time. Nagel demanded to know his name. He was eating steak and eggs at the time.

“My name’s Eggs,” he said.

“Your name will be mud if you don’t pay for that beer,” Nagel is reported to have retorted. 

Nagel said: “I told him I own the beer and that someone would have to pay for it. This started the argument. We had a fight. The other men scattered around the camp while we fought.” 

Although some witnesses said that Pickens offered to pay, Nagel was so outraged that a fight ensued anyway. 

Miss Post: “The men walked outside and I was told to remain in the kitchen. Outside I heard the noise of the fight. An hour later, Nagel returned and told me to get ready to leave.”

Nagel, witnesses said, knocked Pickens down. When the insurance agent arose, Nagel lifted him by the lapels, pointed the man’s head toward a nearby copse of trees and said: “Take a good look at those trees! It’s the last time you’ll ever see them.” He turned to the on-lookers. “That goes for you guys, too.”

Nagel: “The fight lasted only a few minutes and Pickens was on his feet when I left with my father before any of the others.” 

The others fled from the scene, leaving Pickens, Nagel, and his father in front of the camp and Miss Post in the kitchen.

Miss Post said: “I saw the body of a man lying in a cornfield when I was sent away from the camp in an automobile. I wanted to go over to him but the men would not let me and they took me away in an automobile. They told me not to admit being at the camp or having seen a fight.”

When Pickens didn’t show up for work Monday, his wife found out about the fight at the fishing camp reported him missing on Tuesday. She said that he had about $35 and insurance papers in his wallet.

On Wednesday, police searched the camp and adjacent cornfields, then began dragging the Little Miami River, finding the lining of Pickens’s blood-stained cap near the kitchen, while some of his business papers, a blood-spotted club, some pencils, a set of keys, and a rubber heel from a shoe were recovered from the cornfield leading to the river. Marks on the ground and broken-down corn stalks told of a struggle.

More of the mystery came to light exactly one week later when two men from Taylorsport, Kentucky, employees of the Fernbank Dam  west of downtown Cincinnati, were taking a boat to work when they spotted a strange object in the Ohio River. It was shaped like a wrapped-up body, but it was floating upright, like a post. The men surmised that it was indeed a body and was probably weighted. They tied a rope to the object, towed it to shore and anchored it before calling the Boone County Coroner.

As Coroner E.J. Aylor Left his home to view the body she remarked to his wife: “That's the man who was murdered in Cincinnati, I bet.”

It was. Just as the men said, the body was sitting upright in the water. As he drew it ashore it seemed to lose weight, bobbed on the surface for a moment, then floated over on its face. Aylor surmised that the weights that had been fastened to the body had come off and freed it to float in a more natural position.

Pickens’s body was wrapped in a horse blanket and pieces of other blankets. Sections of rope have been tied around the body in three places. Four large Loops had been tied in one section of the rope where it crossed Pickens’s hips. This led police to believe the weights had been placed in the loops. There was no money, his gold watch was missing, and the pockets of his trousers were turned inside out. His skull was fractured “from top to base,” his body covered with bruises, two ribs broken and the right eye crushed.

The dam men discovered the body about twenty miles from the fishing camp where Pickens fought with Nagel. Because the river current had been sluggish of late, detectives believe it had been carried some distance in a truck or automobile before it was thrown in the river. Riverwatchers agreed that it could not have traveled that far on its own. 

That theory was soon proven accurate, as later that day Covington, Kentucky, police helped match the blanket and rope used to wrap the body with pieces of blanket and rope recovered from a truck that had been stolen from a garage in Cincinnati on October 10, the night of the murder, and abandoned by two men in downtown Covington at 5 a.m. the following morning. The truck also contained two hatchets (one bloodstained) and a lot of loose straw. Police believe the truck had been stolen by the murderers and used to convey the body of Pickens to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad bridge, where it was thrown into the river.

These disclosures drew tighter the chain of evidence around Edward Nagel, who remained calm in the face of developments, protesting innocence, but still admitting that he had fought with Pickens the previous Friday night, but insisting the fight was the end of the story. He looked the lead detective calmly and square in the eyes.

When told he was still going to be tried for murder, Nagel said, “You will have to prove it.”  

Then the accused man dropped his head for a moment and rubbed his eyes with his hands. Then he looked up again and said, “I never did it. I'm playing square with you. I told you about the fight. I might have lied about it. I fought with the man, but I know nothing about what might have happened to him after the fight.”

Nagel had a long criminal record in Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport. At the time of his arrest, he faced two indictments in Newport for robbery and shooting with intent to kill in an attempted robbery. He was also under indictment in the United States district court in Covington for having violated probation laws and out on a $2,500 bond.

Although police believed they had their man, Hamilton County prosecutors did not seem to be in any big hurry to bring Nagel to trial, partly because police were having trouble finding the accomplice, Richard Crane. Police surmised that Nagel and Crane stole the truck, returned to the scene, placed the victim's body in the truck, and hauled the body to the Kentucky shore, 20 miles from the scene of the murder. Here they weighted it with rocks, and either threw it from a railroad bridge or rode out in a boat and dropped it overboard. Then they abandoned the truck in Covington.

Then Richard Crane turned up in Hamilton six months later, going by the name Browning, when he was arrested for the murder of Edward Schief, the owner of a Hamilton “cafe” on April 30 (Hamiltonian, March 2019). Cincinnati detective Joe Schaefer recognized him at first glance: “That’s Raymond Nugent, alias Browning, alias Crane, and we want him badly--for murder.” Although only 23 years old, Nugent was well-known to Cincinnati police as “a gangster, hijacker, a thug and a safe-cracker,” the Hamilton Journal-News reported.

Even though they wanted him “badly,” Schaefer agreed to relinquish their claim on him until after the Schief trial as long as he was handed over to Cincinnati police immediately after the trial was over.

That did not happen.

Butler County Sheriff Luther kept Nugent under lock and key, without bond, until he and his co-defendant in the Schief murder, Todd Messner, were acquited by a directed verdict when the state’s lead witness changed his mind on the stand. After the sudden ending to the trial, Epperson notified the Cincinnati detectives and tried to keep Nugent in hand until they could get there. But a former owner of the Stockton Club, one of Butler County’s most notorious speakeasies, posted a $30,000 bond using local real estate as surety. Epperson still refused to release him,  so attorneys J.B. Connaughton and Warren Gard, representing Nugent, went to the county probate judge with a writ of habeas corpus, which was subsequently approved by both Common Pleas Court Judge Clarence Murphy and Prosecutor P.P. Boli. Sheriff Epperson had no choice but to set Nugent free minutes before Detective Schaefer landed in Hamilton. 

Nugent’s bond required him to appear before the May term of the grand jury. He did not. Raymond “Crane Neck” Nugent went on to have a storied career as a henchman for “Killer” Burke of Kansas City and was reported to be one of the men in police uniform at the infamous Valentine’s Day Massacre. At least fifteen murders are credited to him. He was last seen in Miami, Florida, tending bar in one of Al Capone’s joints. When arrested there, he posted bail with $10,000 straight out of his wallet. Again, Cincinnati police were already on the way to bring him back to Ohio, but Nugent outmaneuvered them again. What happened to him after that remains a mystery, though some have speculated that he met his end in the Florida Everglades for some unknown gangster infraction.

Nagel did not come to trial for Pickens’s murder until February 1926, when a jury convicted him of second degree murder with less than forty-five minutes of deliberation. He received a life sentence, which he served, though it was reduced in a tragic way by a fire that swept through the Ohio Penitentiary on April 21, 1930. Nagel and Todd Messner, Nugent’s co-defendant in the Schief murder convicted for other crimes, were both among the 322 inmates to die in that conflagration, the largest prison fire in U.S. history.

November 24, 1924 was Louise Zimmerman’s nineteenth birthday, but rather than celebrate it with her friends, she spent the day on the witness stand, testifying against a Prohibition agent from the Seven Mile Mayor’s court.

The trial had very little to do with Prohibition. Miss Zimmerman was on the stand to testify that Dry Officer Harold Shugg attempted to rape her on the night of October 20 that year.

She was “slow in answering questions” and on the verge of sobbing, the Hamilton Daily News reported, and Judge Clarence Murphy had to keep prompting her to answer, urging her to “cast aside her modesty and answer the questions of the state without hesitancy.”

Bit by bit, her story emerged: Miss Zimmerman lived with her mother and two sisters at 140 Francis Avenue and had been working at a local factory for six months. Around 8 p.m. the evening of Sunday, July 20, 1924, she received a suitor at her home. Joseph Gardner was the part owner of a garage on Darrtown Pike, a mile out of Hamilton city limits. He was well-known in the area as a baseball player. They had known each other for about two years.

They stood and talked in the front yard for a while, then Gardner invited her to go on a ride in his Ford coupe. They drove out Darrtown Pike and took a right onto one of the country roads out there. Gardner parked his car. They talked for about half an hour when a man came up from behind them, saying that he was patrolling the area and they weren’t allowed to park there.

The man, Miss Zimmerman said, was there in the courtroom, the defendant Harold Shugg. Because of the charges against him, he had been fired from his post as a constable for Mayor Morris Shuler’s court in Seven Mile. Shugg was 28 years old and the father of two children, one of them by a former wife. He served honorably in the U.S. Navy on convoy ships and submarines.

The young couple both readily answered Shugg’s questions and gave their names. Shugg, Miss Zimmerman told the court, told her to get out of Gardner’s car, that he was taking her to the girls training school on B Street and that Gardner could follow. She refused, saying Gardner could take her. Shugg took her by the arm and forcefully dragged her out of her suitor’s machine and led her to another one about 100 feet to the rear. He put her in the back seat and closed the door. Another man was driving, Robert Havens, also an agent for the Seven Mile court.

Miss Zimmerman said that after Shugg spoke with Gardner for a moment, he got into the back seat with her and told the driver to follow the coupe.

After about a half a mile, however, the driver lost sight of Gardner’s car. Then Shugg “tried to put his arm around me, but I said, ‘Get away.’ I then pulled the driver by the coat and asked him to stop, but he said nothing and drove on.”

She told the court that when another car passed in the opposite direction, she shouted for help. Shugg told her to keep her mouth shut and told the driver to step on it. A short time later, the driver took another side road and stopped in the middle of a creek. Shugg told her that if she didn’t shut up, he would toss her into the creek. “Shugg then grabbed me and pushed me down in the back seat. He tried to raise my dress and I tried to push him away.” He persisted and tore her bloomers as she struggled to sit up. Shugg managed to pin her arms behind her, and she fainted. When she had partially recovered her senses, she saw Shugg climbing over into the front seat. She was still dazed and could not move for quite some time.

Still parked in the middle of the creek, she heard Shugg tell Havens to get into the back seat with her. Havens declined at first, but Shugg demanded that he do it, so he finally climbed over the back of the seat and sat beside her, according to her testimony.

“Don’t you touch me,” she said to him as he settled in.

“Don’t worry,” Havens replied. “I won’t.” As Shugg drove the car at a leisurely pace, Havens asked quietly, “Did he hurt you in any way?”

She said Shuggs took a roundabout route, but finally ended up at the YMCA in Hamilton, where he and Havens got out and had a whispered conversation. Havens then offered to drive Miss Zimmerman home, and they got out of that car and into another one parked nearby.

As they drove north on Second Street, she testified, Havens told her that Shugg was a married man and that he would personally make him pay for it if Shugg had hurt her in any way. She said she began to wonder if he had hurt her in some way. On the way, they encountered Gardner, who was with city detective Al Mueller, and they all went to the police station. Gardner gave his statement and left, then Coroner Edward Cook took Miss Zimmerman to Mercy Hospital, where she was examined. They found no serious injuries and she went home.

In cross examination by Allen Andrews, Miss Zimmerman said she cried out several times for help during the ordeal.

She sobbed openly as she stepped down from the stand when the court called for a noon recess.

Havens took the stand that afternoon and said he didn’t hear anything from the back seat except for Shugg calling out directions, until they got stalled in the creek after crossing the iron bridge. He did not feel Miss Zimmerman tug at his sleeve. He heard no unusual noises while he worked to get the car started again, and when he did, Shuggs said that he wanted to drive. He saw Miss Zimmerman crying, and Shugg told him to get in the back seat and keep her quiet, so he did, but he didn’t want to.

Shugg took the stand in his own defense the following morning, entering a general denial of the charges against him. He said that he had met up with several Seven Mile officers at the Hamilton YMCA earlier that evening. Havens went out to lunch around 9 p.m., and Shuggs said he got an anonymous call to investigate a Ford coupe that had been parking every night on a side road between Darrtown Pike and Eaton road. When Havens returned, Shugg told him he had some dope on a case and asked him to drive Shugg’s car out that way.

Shugg testified that they did indeed find a Ford coupe parked on the side of the road just as the anonymous caller suggested. Haven slowed the car and Shugg leaped from the auto and went up on the coupe, shining his light on the occupants: Louise Zimmerman and Joe Gardner. “The girl’s clothes were above her knees,” he said.

“I told Gardner I would have to search his car for liquor,” he said. He found none. Then he searched Gardner. Still nothing. “I asked the girl how old she was. She replied, ‘About 16.’ Gardner interrupted, ‘No, you are 18.’”

Shugg said he told them it was a case for juvenile court and ordered the girl to come with him. He said he told Gardner that he could go along and arrange for bond, that he could ride with them if he wanted, but Gardner preferred to drive his own car.

Shugg said they followed Gardner’s car but lost sight of it before they got to the top of the big hill on Eaton Road. Havens was driving and he was in the back with the girl. While he and Havens debated what to do next, the girl cried to be taken home. They decided to take the girl home, but she gave a different address than she had earlier, saying she lived on the Darrtown Pike. Shugg said he confronted her about changing her story and she replied, “No girl ever gives her correct address.”

Shugg said as they were making their way back to Darrtown Pike on the side roads, they crossed a bridge and the girl suddenly said to turn right. He wasn’t sure Havens heard the girl, so he repeated it. Havens turned right and “before they knew it” the engine stalled on the car and they were parked in the middle of a creek. Shuggs said he could hear the water swirling around the car.

Shuggs, according to his testimony, got out of the car and took to wiping off the coil with a rag. Havens kept trying to turn the motor over and they finally got it running again. He said they tried to get the girl to point out a house, but she would not. By this time, it was getting late and he wanted to get back to his wife and kids in Seven Mile, so he asked Havens if he could take the girl home. He took the wheel and they proceeded back to the YMCA to switch cars.

Allen Andrews asked him: “Did you attack the girl while the auto was in the creek?”

Shugg said they were not there long enough, and on cross-examination said they were in the creek for fifteen or twenty minutes.

There were a few character witnesses, but Allen Andrews did not present any evidence to support the conspiracy theory that he was about to unwind in his closing statement to the jury, which began with the pronouncement: “Truth is on the gallows and crime is on the throne! When they [bootleggers] find a Prohibition officer of weak moral fiber, they bribe him. When they cannot bribe him, they frame him, and when that fails, they kill him. More than 100 have been killed! They set up an entrapment and I might be able to call attention to those who are engaged in this one.”

It began, he charged, with the anonymous phone call on the night of July 20 that led him to the country road where he found the young couple, and that the young woman would lead the officers around the country to give Gardner enough time to get back into town to set a trap using the city police.

“Havens would like to tell more about this case, but if he said he heard the girl’s cries and refused to stop the auto and allow her to get out, he would make himself guilty. He came up to our office voluntarily and told John Andrews that he thought it was a frameup.

Prosecutor P.P. Boli ridiculed the proposition: “The claim that this is a conspiracy theory is a surprise coming at this stage of the game. I never dreamed that was a defense until I heard Mr. Andrews say so... Does it appear from the evidence that this kind of a lady would be used as the perpetrator of a frameup? Of the hundreds of ways to frame an officer, why would they choose this woman?”

The jury received the case at 4:35 p.m. on the second day of the trial. Officers of the court cleared the mass of spectators so that the jury could deliberate in the courtroom. It was reported that the vote was deadlocked at 10-2 in favor of conviction on the assault with intent to rape charge, but after five hours of deliberation, they agreed on a verdict of guilty of assault and battery. Judge Clarence Murphy gave Shugg the maximum sentence of six months in jail and a $200 fine. He served his term at the Dayton workhouse and never returned to Hamilton. His second wife was granted a divorce in 1926.

Seven Mile Mayor Morris Y. Shuler, whose Prohibition raiders were the scourge of bootleggers and moonshiners anywhere and everywhere in Butler County, was nearly driven to retirement from the stress of finding himself on the other side of the judge’s bench.

Around 2 p.m. Friday, January 9, 1925, four officers went to Shuler’s private residence with four warrants, charging him with possessing and giving away liquor. The agents removed four full quarts and a pint of bonded whiskey (bottled before Prohibition), one quart of “balsam whiskey” (European-style herbal schnapps), and a half-quart of moonshine. The search was conducted by Robert Havens and George Hall, two state dry agents that had formerly worked for Shuler’s court, assisted by Hamilton city detectives Herman Dulle and Albert Miller. The raid was coordinated by Charles Walker, a special state investigator who had been working undercover. The affidavit mentioned four occasions in which Shuler gave liquor to Butler County Luther Epperson and two other former Shuler operatives, Dolphus Bell and Lewis Bolser.

The Hamilton Evening Journal reported that Mrs. Shuler suffered a heart attack at the appearance of the officers at her front door. She had been in ill health for several months, ever since the Shuler home was bombed by (allegedly) unknown bootleggers. When Dr. Marsh arrived at the house to attend to her, the four officers were still in the midst of their search. After giving attention to his patient, Dr. Marsh ordered the four officers from the house. “A short time after their departure, her condition improved to such an extent that the physician could leave for a few minutes at a time.

Although all was quiet in the village of Seven Mile at two o’clock on a winter’s weekday afternoon, commotion at the Shuler home drew out the entire village and the people were reportedly “up in arms.” They reminisce about the bomb that had been placed in the Shulers’ basement window, and about the night shots rang out when Shuler’s officers foiled a robbery of confiscated liquor from the little barn behind the house. Many of the lingerers had also been present at the raid of the Hilz dry cleaning plant in Hamilton and when Shuler’s men dumped nine barrels of moonshine into the village sewers.

The village council held an impromptu meeting and demanded the resignation of one of their own, Havens, also one of the officers conducting the raid. Villagers pointed to the many things that the mayor had done for Seven Mile and expressed the general option that if any liquor was found in the home, then it was certainly the remains of samples from various raids. “They pointed with pride to the more than 200 liquor cases tried in the Sevenmile court last year [1924], in which more than $40,000 in fines had actually been collected and added also that Mayor Shuler was doing a wonderful thing for the village and for Hamilton in the arrest of liquor law violators.”

Shuler was not at home at the time, but was in Hamilton when he received a call informing him of his arrest. With an attorney in tow, Shuler immediately surrendered himself to Police Chief Frank Clements, decrying the charges as “frame-ups.” He paid a $1,500 in bonds and then hastily sped home to check on the condition of his wife.

Responding to charges that the affair was a frame-up by Havens and Hall in retribution for being fired from Shuler’s raiding squad, Hall said: “The records will show that Havens and I resigned voluntarily.” Hall said the investigation by Walker had been going on for months, but was reluctant to reveal any details, saying that when the evidence is presented in court, all will be revealed.

Epperson, Bolser, and Bell, the three men mentioned in the affidavit, all refused to confirm the charges when approached by reporters.

Sheriff Epperson: “You can emphatically deny that I am involved in the charge in any way, and I know nothing about the case.”

Bell said that he quit the raiding squad when he had a disagreement with Shuler, but he didn’t know anything about any affidavit. He did recall a time when the mayor had given him a drink of Old Taylor: “He asked me if I could tell good whiskey and I said I could. He then poured me a glass full from a quart bottle and I drank it.”

While Shuler waited for the scandal to wend its way through the courts, Ohio Senator George Bender of Cuyahoga County introduced a bill that would modify Prohibition laws that would confine mayors, justices of the peace, and others to their own jurisdictions.

“Such a bill would put an end to the activities in Hamilton of the Sevenmile and Monroe Mayor’s court officers,” the Journal-News reported. “In fact, it is thought that these village courts would be entirely eliminated if the powers were limited to the district in which the mayors were elected.”

When Shuler made his first court appearance at an arraignment on Monday, January 20, “a mass of humanity--men, women and youths--tangled together, struggled and jammed into the box-like court room one hour before the hearing. The crowd came to feast their eyes--and many to delight--at the unusual spectacle of one of the state's most renowned liquor trial judges standing before a court accused of liquor law violations... The crowd came to get the ‘low-down’ on the liquor case which has aroused interest in all parts of the city and county.”

The witnesses included Hamilton Mayor Howard E. Kelly, Safety Director Joseph Meyers, the city auditor, chief of police and clerk of council, all subpoenaed by the defense, calling into question the legitimacy of the raiders Hall and Havens, that they had no authority to enforce the warrants. The defense moved to quash the charges against Shuler and to have the confiscated liquor returned. Detective Dulle was called to the stand, but in the face of the objections from the defense, he was not able to testify as to the details of the raid. After thirty more minutes of arguing, Municipal Judge Kautz and attorneys on both sides agreed to continue the case until Thursday.

When court reconvened, the jam-packed audience enjoyed three hours of “flowery oratory and brilliant technical arguments.”

Judge Kautz declared: “Havens was not an officer. He represented himself [as] a special officer in obtaining a search warrant. Mayor Shuler had the right to shoot Havens when the latter entered his home with an improper search warrant the same as every homeowner has a right to protect his home from invasion where a proper search warrant has not been issued.”

The crowd, “composed of many whose homes had been raided by dry agents and many who had been convicted of liquor law violations,” stirred at the pronouncement.

In regard to a defense motion that the liquor be returned to Shuler because it had been legally obtained, detectives Dulle and Mueller took the stand to identify the bottles confiscated. Mueller tasted from the bottles and “termed the fluids red whiskey and moonshine.” They said the bottles, three without labels, were found in closets on the second floor of the Shuler home.

Even though the warrants were deemed invalid by Judge Kautz and the charges of giving away liquor were dropped, Shuler had a further arraignment on February 18 on the charge of possession of liquor. Interest in the case--or perhaps faith that justice would be meted out against the mayor, well-beloved by his constituency buy hated by the underground--seemed to wane and only a handful of spectators were in the courtroom.

Shuler’s defense was that the liquor was legally held, seized in raids by Shuler’s officers and placed in Shuler’s home, which had already been approved as a state depository, for safekeeping. The prosecution argued that the liquor should have been destroyed.

On the witness stand, Shuler testified that he believed the four quarts of red whiskey were part of a confiscation of sixty-eight bottles from cafe owner Lyman Williams. Williams took the stand and showed a receipt indicating that everything from that raid had been returned to him. Prosecutors gave him a bottle that was in evidence. “I am positive this bottle was not part of my stuff,” Williams said. “My bottles were not labeled.” 

Recalled to the stand, Shuler maintained that the bottles had been found after Williams had been given back his whiskey and was not in that inventory list.

Koehler for the defense: “Did you ever tell anyone of this?”

Shuler: “Yes. I told you about it.”

Judge Kautz declared: “The court believes the liquor was legally possessed. Mayor Shuler may have been negligent in destroying or ordering destroyed the liquor... Negligence is not a crime.”

Kautz again dismissed the charges against him and ordered the liquor returned.

Although he was exonerated, the ordeal took its toll on Shuler.

“Rumor has it you are going to resign,” a reporter asked, “is it true?”

Pale and haggard and apparently nervous, Mayor Shuler smiled faintly and replied “This is the third time I have been into a thing like this. It is a heartless job. I have never taken a dishonest penny.”

He wouldn’t say more. But the rumors included that Mrs. Shuler was suffering from serious illnesses that had been exacerbated by the “constant worry and suspense” related to the mayor’s predicament.

He had the support of the people of Seven Mile.

“We will not let him quit because of a thing like this,” one resident told the Evening Journal. “Everyone in Sevenmile always was solidly behind Shuler in this case.”

No wonder. In addition to being lauded statewide for his work as a Prohibition enforcer, “Through his work as a liquor trial judge Sevemile has ‘flourished’ financially,’” the Journal wrote.

Shuler’s days of authority over the entire county were numbered, due to the emerging Bender bill, but he did not resign and would still have a year to crusade for the powers of Prohibition.

The Hotel Lee, a café at the corner of Wood Street and Monument Avenue, was one of the hottest spots in the part of Hamilton known as “the Jungles.” 

The nickname was largely a racial epithet, but people of all races frequented the speakeasies, “soft drink parlors” and “sporting houses” that lined Wood Street, now Pershing Avenue, the heart of the Ohio city’s thriving Prohibition era nightlife. It was run by Lee Richardson, an African-American attorney from Nashville who moved to Hamilton in 1903.

Edward Schief, proprietor of a “cafe” at 328 Court Street, and his right-hand man Andrew “Skimmer” Kuhlman were making the rounds of the clubs on April 30, 1925. They, along with Philip Einsfeld and his wife, went to a restaurant to get some food but found it closed, and decided to go to Peter Farley’s café on Wood Street, between the Hotel Lee and Madame Hawley’s house, to get some sandwiches. Einsfeld and his wife waited in the car. Ten minutes later, when Schief and Kuhlman did not return, they walked to their house. 

They did not hear about the murder until the next morning.

Reports of what happened were incoherent and contradictory, but by all accounts a party of about eight men and one woman swooped down upon the Hotel Lee about 1 a.m. The café was supposed to have closed by midnight by city ordinance. Owner Lee Richardson said he had closed it, but that “the boys” broke in. 

The brawl started in the cabaret room.

According to one of the patrons, a black man who “took the air” as soon as the fuss started, said that Kuhlman and Schief were squared off against John “Todd” Messner and four other men. Metal knuckles and broken bottles made for a bloody fifteen minutes. A door window was knocked out and the tables and chairs were overturned.

Patrolmen Henry Keiser and Frank Mayer were a few blocks away when the red signal lights began to flash. When they got to the Hotel Lee, they saw Eddie Schief trying to kick in the door to the hotel, blood running down his face.

They saw several other men beaten and bleeding but no one would give them any information and no one wanted to get treated for their wounds. The patrolmen had heard shots fired, but they could not find a gun.

Schief and Kuhlman retreated to the Farley Café, a few doors east on Wood Street, to clean up. They stayed inside there for about thirty-five minutes. Kuhlman was the first to come out. Several men from the brawl jumped him, knocking him to the sidewalk.

“I felt a blow on the head, but it did not quite knock me out,” Kuhlman said later. “I fell to the sidewalk and tried to get up.”

One of the men was kicking Kuhlman in the face when Schief came out of Farley’s place.

“What are you doing to Skimmer?” he shouted.

Two shots fired. 

Kuhlman said, “I heard a shot and saw Schief fall. The gang then jumped on me and that is the last I knew until I woke up in the hospital.”

Schief collapsed on top of him. He was shot twice, once in the neck and once about six inches above his left knee. He was killed instantly by the throat wound.

The gang jumped in a Hudson and fled.

The police arrived shortly, detectives Joe Koons and Charles McCormick, found Schief and Kuhlman in a pile on the sidewalk, one on top of the other, and took both to the hospital.

Word on the street was that Messner and Schief had a falling out over a shipment of beer from Canada, that Messner somehow “double-crossed” his partner.

When the coroner examined Schief at the hospital, he had no personal effects except for a single key and a fountain pen.

Jack Schief, the victim’s brother: “When I examined Eddie, I found that he had cuts and gashes in his head which had been sustained in the brawl which preceded the killing.”

The police officers had passed the Hotel Lee Café a short time prior to the fracas.

Philip Einsfeld, 129 Chestnut Street, a former policeman: “I know nothing about the affair. I rode down to the place with Schief and Kuhlman and they went into the café and I walked to my home a short distance away. I don’t know what’s the matter with Messner. He’s crazy if he says I slugged him. I don’t think that he knows me.”

Eisfeld said that he was not on Wood Street when the brawl or the murder took place.

Police got an answer to the mystery when they spoke to taxi cab driver Edward “Red” Weber, who said that he met Ray Nugent, a local thug named he knew as Crane drive off in the Hudson.

“I had two customers in the cab when the fight in the hotel took place. I don’t know much about the scrap. After the row in the café some of the boys left in a Hudson coach. As I was parked in front of butcher shop to await a milkman whom I see regularly, I saw this same coach drive north on Front Street and turn into Wood Street. This was some time after the fight. I followed the coach and parked my car on Monument Avenue, north of the Hotel Lee. Pretty soon, I heard two shots fired. I drove to Wood Street.

“I was sitting in my machine on Front Street when I noticed a large automobile being driven toward Wood Street. I recognized Nugent and Messner as occupants. I did not see anyone else. Knowing of the fight in Richardson’s place, I followed the car for a while. It was driven back to Richardson’s place and parked in front. I kept on going over Wood Street. Suddenly two shots rang out. I turned my machine and hastened back. Just as I came upon Nugent running toward his machine, Messner had already boarded the automobile. Nugent saw me and aimed his revolver at me. It was a nickel plated gun.”

“Don’t shoot,” he cried. “I’m just a taxi driver.”

“What are you doing here?” Nugent asked, still pointing the gun.

“Then a little fellow who is in the Hudson calls, ‘Come on, Crane, come on!’

“Then Messner began to call for him to hurry. He appeared to become excited at this point. I think I owe my life to the fact that Messner called him. Otherwise I believe that he would have shot me.”

Taxi driver William O’Hara also had a story to tell about the case. He said picked up Todd Messner the morning of the murder at the corner of East Avenue and Hanover Street.

“I told Messner about the murder, and he asked me to drive him around to Farley’s place to see about it,” O’Hara said. After riding him past the scene, he drove to Ninth Street and dropped Messner off in an alley near Heaton Street, not far from where Ray Nugent lived.

Farley said that immediately after the shooting her heard the sound of an automobile being driven away rapidly but was unable to see the machine.

On Thursday afternoon around three o’clock, less than 24 hours after the killing, police arrested Raymond Nugent in his home at 331 North Ninth Street, where he lived with his wife and two children, two and four years old.

He had been going by the name Roy Browning since getting to Hamilton as he was wanted in Cincinnati in connection with the murder of insurance agent Ashur L. Pickens during a brawl in the Little Sunshine fishing camp in Turkey Bottoms in Cincinnati’s East End the previous October. Police had also charged a man Edward Naegle with the crime. At that time, Nugent had been going by the name Richard Crane. 

He was arrested by Detective Charles Nugent, no relation. While detective Charles Morton guarded the front door, Nugent told the man’s wife that he was a friend of “Crane Neck,” Nugent’s gangster name.

She pointed him to the room where he found Nugent lying in his bed. His face was cut and bruised, but the detective recognized him as the partner of George “Fat” Wrassman, a convicted bootlegger and burglar that he had recently arrested by Middletown police. During the arrest, this man Nugent -- alias Browning alias Crane -- jumped on the running board of Wrassman’s car and escaped.

Now, the gangster didn’t recognize him or seem alarmed, so Detective Nugent continued to act as if they were pals. “How are you feeling?” he asked.

“Oh, all right,” the gangster replied.

“Had pretty much of a scrap last night,” the detective said. “Get hurt much?”

“Yes, had a row at Lee’s but didn’t get hurt much,” Nugent said. “Got socked several times.”

“Well,” the detective said. “You’re wanted at police headquarters, so come with me.”

“What’s the charge?”

“Assault and battery.”

As Detective Nugent walked the thug Nugent into the station, Weber took one look at him and said, “That’s the man who pointed the gun at men.”

Nugent said nothing.

Messner’s mother and sister identified him as the man who had come to their home earlier in the day asking for Tod. They told him Tod had been arrested for Schief’s murder and the man left abruptly.

Questioned by Police Chief Frank Clements, Nugent denied any knowledge of the Cincinnati murder nor Schief’s murder, but he did talk about the brawl that took place in the Hotel Lee’s cabaret room.

“I was standing in Lee Richardson’s place on Wood Street when Schief entered. He was accompanied by Kuhlman and two other men whom I took to be bootleggers. Schief came over to me and without a word, struck me. I became angry and picking up a chair, swung it above my head and brought it down on his head. In the meantime other men in the place began to struggle. Messner was among the lot. I seized the first opportunity and made my escape. They were all still fighting when I left. I went to my home and did not leave it until the police arrived and arrested me.  I was positively not on the scene when the shooting occurred.”

They asked him about his association with Fat Wrassman. Nugent “shut up like a clam,” detectives said. That evening, Cincinnati detective Joe Schaefer and William Duning, superintendent of the Bertillon Bureau of the Cincinnati police department, identified Nugent on sight.

“We want him badly,” Schaefer said, “for murder.” He told the Hamilton police that Nugent was “a gangster, a hi-jacker, a thug and a safe-cracker.” He was well-known at a joint called the Hole in the Wall, a notorious West End resort and the hangout of Cincinnati yeggs. But since Hamilton had possession of the man, the Cincinnati police conceded, they could have first crack at bringing him to trial.

Coroner Hugh Gadd: “My version of it is that the brawl and the killing was a result of a bootleggers’ brawl. They had been drinking. I understand that Messner and Schief had been partners and that they had split up. My evidence in the case is very meager as neither side seems to want to give information. The fact that no one talks makes me cling to the theory of a bootleggers’ war.”

From the jail, Messner said, “Why should I kill Eddie? He was my pal and my friend. God knows that I am innocent of this charge. Why I was not there when any of the shooting they talk about took place. The police arrested me at my home. They said I had killed Eddie--God, I didn’t even have a gun. You want to know all that I know about it. I don’t know much about any of it. When Eddie was shot, I wasn’t there. I was walking along the street when Philip Einsfeld, who was with Eddie and Skimmer, jumped out of an automobile and slugged me. Eddie told Phil, ‘That’s Toddie’ didn’t hit him [sic]. We were in Lee’s place when the fight started. I don’t know what it started over. Then someone took me home and it was there that I was arrested.”

He said he did not know who took him home. He said he danced with the girl who was with one of them but he did not know her name.

Messner: “I had just stepped out of Richardson’s place when Schief, Phil Einfeld (Insfeldt), Kuhlman and several women drove up in a machine and stopped. Schief got out of the machine first. I had no more than said, ‘Hello, Eddie,’ when Einfeld, who was drunk, lunged at me and struck me in the mouth, busting my lip. Then Eddie shouted, ‘Stop it Einfeld. Todd’s all right. Todd’s our friend.’ Even that did not stop Einfeld. He knocked me down and into the street. I got up, dazed, and ran into Richardson’s place again. Einsfeld followed me into the place and again started to beat me. In the meantime Schief and Kuhlman also entered and were fighting with two other men whom I did not know. The next thing I knew I was being walked up and down the street by two men. I didn’t know them. They finally put me into an automobile and took me home. Arriving there, they took my key from my pocket, opened the door for me and I went upstairs. My mother and sister had just finished bathing my wounds when the police arrived and put me under arrest. I want to stay that I was not there when Schief and Kuhlman were shot. I was home and in bed.”

Lee Richardson updated his story, now saying that Nugent, Messner and several others pursued Schief and Kuhlman into his place and into a dance hall where a free for all struggle ensued during which chairs were hurled, tables knocked over and fixtures broken. Several shots were fired, but no one was struck by any of the bullets. After the struggle, Messner, Nugent and the others drove away in an automobile.

Peter Farley: “I was sitting in my place when I heard the sounds of a terrific struggle which I learned later had taken place in Richardson’s café. I went to the street and came upon Schief and Skimmer Kuhlman. Bother were cut and bruised and their clothes was splattered with blood. Knowing them, I invited them into the rear of my place where I have a gymnasium and I dressed their wounds. I helped them clean up and we talked for a while. I urged Schief not to go out. He had not been gone more than two minutes when suddenly two shots rang out. Thinking that the fight had recommenced, I went out the side door of my place and walked into the street. There is a high fence about my side yard and when I stepped through the gateway I nearly stepped upon Schief and Kuhlman. Skimmer was lying on top of Schief, who was dead. When the police arrived, I helped put them into an ambulance and went with them to the hospital.”

Farley said that immediately after the shooting her heard the sound of an automobile being driven away rapidly but was unable to see the machine.

Messner said he believed the two men who took him home were the two men who started the fight with Schief and Kuhlman. He said he did not know them and was unable to explain their solicitude for his welfare.

Indignation over the affair prompted Mayor Howard E. Kelly to announce that he would shut down the cabaret at the Hotel Lee as a result of his own investigation into the place. He said he found the cabaret “obnoxious” and “a public nuisance.”

“My investigations have shown that that the cabaret at Lee Richardson’s place was the source of a great deal of the trouble in the Jungles.” Richardson would still be allowed to run his soft drink parlor, but the mayor said he would continue to investigate other cafes in the city.

After two days of searching for the third man in the Hudson, Detective Schaefer and Cincinnati police did Hamilton police a favor by arresting Edward Scott, twenty-three years old, a black man who lived on Cutter Street. Scott was a known associate of Nugent.

“We have them all now, and the stage is set for a preliminary hearing on the Schief murder,” Chief Clements said, noting that this was one of the hardest cases he ever had to unravel. “Everyone we questioned gave us facts very reluctantly, as if they were afraid something would happen to them if they told when they knew.”

Detective Morton concurred, saying, “It was ten hours after the murder before we were able to get anything but the bare fact that there was a murder.”

Clements added, “Everything has been well-handled in spite of the fact ad we expect to have the murderers’ confessions or conviction very soon.”

Nugent, Messner and Scott were all held on charges of first degree murder. Only Nugent was held without bond.

Coroner Hugh Gadd held an inquest on the death of Schief on May 15, and there were still surprises coming forth when the long-rumored “woman in the case” made her first public appearance, but it proved anticlimatic. Twenty-two year old Ella Mae French, 969 Main Street, said that she was at the Hotel Lee with Elmer Woodruff about one o’clock in the morning. They had come from the Woodlawn Inn. She knew Messner and saw him there. “Toddy was rather rough,” she said, meaning he was pretty drunk, but she danced with him. He got a little fresh and she slapped him, then he slugged her, so she left the joint. She said she was there for 20 minutes but did not see a fight or hear any shots fired.

The coroner had a warrant issued for Lee Richardson, who failed to answer a subpoena to appear at the inquest, and postponed a verdict until he could interview the man. The next day, Richardson was arrested at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky, for violating liquor laws. At the Kentucky Derby, he was at the same table as Hamilton police chief Frank W. Clements and chief of detectives C.W. Herrmann when a fourth fellow, a sheriff’s deputy from Illinois, produced a bottle of liquor and sat it on the table. Clements said that just at that moment, a federal agent seized the bottle and arrested everyone at the table.  

On May 27, when Richardson finally appeared before the coroner, the scene had the atmosphere of a showdown. Richardson tried to explain why he missed the earlier subpoena and got his dates mangled so badly that he had himself both in Windsor, Canada, and Louisville, Kentucky, on the same day. “The testimony was passed over for his signature,” the Evening Journal reported, but realizing the contradiction in dates, he refused to sign the paper until he was given the opportunity to study a calendar and see where he made his mistake. Looking at a calendar, he said he was in Windsor on May 9, Detroit on May 12 and Louisville May 16. “Say, everybody knows I was at the Derby on the sixteenth. It was in the papers.”

That straightened out, Richardson said he knew practically nothing about the Schief murder, that he had passed operations of the establishment to his son, Max. He was upstairs on the night of April 30 and heard fighting in the dining room. Several men were in a brawl, but he didn’t know any of them, and he was the one who called the police. When police got there, he said, Skimmer was lying beneath a table unconscious and Schief was on the sidewalk looking into the hotel. When the hotel was cleared, he and Max were at the bar talking when they heard two or three shots and someone told them that two men were lying on the sidewalk.

On June 28, Todd Messner was badly beaten and bruised about the head and body, his skull fractured with the butt of a revolver, in a brawl at a fishing camp somewhere on the Little Miami River, the result of a liquor deal gone bad.

On August 22, Warren Gard, Nugent’s attorney, managed to get Judge Clarence Murphy and Prosecuting Attorney P.P. Boli to agree to a $5,000 bond for his client, with the property of William J. Barry, former proprietor of the Stockton Club as surety. Because Nugent was wanted by Cincinnati authorities, Sheriff Luther Epperson refused to release the prisoner until probate court Judge Gideon Palmer intervened and ordered Nugent’s freedom on a writ of habeus corpus. Nugent managed to slip out of the jail and into the wind just moments before Detective Schaefer arrived to collect him. Sheriff Epperson joined Cincinnati detectives that afternoon in visiting Nugent’s known haunts, but he could not be located. The bond required his presence before the grand jury.

When the grand jury convened in October, it charged Nugent with second degree murder, Edward Scott and Todd Messner as accessories. 

***

The trio would be tried together, and a date set for December 9, 1925. Two days before the trial began, Judge Walter Harlan gave Sheriff Epperson subpoenas to deliver to potential jurors and witnesses. On the list was Red Webber, the taxi driver and the only person who puts a smoking gun in the hands of a killer. Epperson turned to the Hamilton police for help, but the man was nowhere to be found.

On the day of the trial, Judge Harlan waited until 10 a.m. for Webber to show up, then called the trial to order. Prosecutor Boli asked for a continuance: “The witness has not been found and without him, the state cannot proceed.”

After Harlan granted an indefinite continuance, the sheriff took Todd Messner into custody again. Lottie Hawley, operator of a known brothel on Wood Street and the woman who put up surety for his $5,000 bond, had two weeks earlier asked to be released from the commitment. Epperson was unable to locate him in advance, so when he showed up for trial, the sheriff assigned Deputy Ernest Legg to shadow the suspect. In order to avoid any legal tangles, Legg waited until Messner had stepped out of the court room before taking him in custody and straight back into the courtroom to appear before the judge, who ordered the sheriff to take the man to jail. He did not stay long as that afternoon, C.M. Parker stepped forward to sign the bond.

Word got back to Sheriff Epperson that Red Webber was in Dillsboro, Indiana. Because he had not been served with the subpoena, the sheriff could not go after him, but he was confident that Webber would come back to Hamilton, and Judge Harlan promised that when he did, he would place the witness under a bond. Webber showed up at Boli’s office on December 29 with a certificate showing he had gone to Dillsboro for his health and arranged for a $300 bond to assure his presence when the trial could be rescheduled. It would make him the second witness under bond as Ella Mae Thompson nee French had to post $1,000.

***

Finally, on January 11, 1926, while the city dug its way out from under a weekend snowstorm, the trial of Nugent, Messner and Scott got underway. The morning was devoted to seating a jury, and the afternoon was spent in as the long-awaited “star witness” Red Weber, began the state’s case by repudiating his previous statements, even though he told his story under oath to three different courts during preliminaries.

“That’s typewritten stuff,” he said when confronted with transcripts, “and some of it is not true. My memory isn’t very good. I’ve been sick for five or six years and I drank a good deal until recently.”

Over the objections of defense attorney Warren Gard, a clearly exasperated Boli read passages from the grand jury, mayor’s court and coroner’s inquest transcripts, but Weber held fast that he didn’t know what he was talking about then, and that he’s not feeling much better now.

“I was in no condition to appear at those hearings,” he said.

“Were you drunk?” Boli asked.

“I was pretty well mixed up,” he said. “I don’t know much about this case.”

“You remember more now than you ever did?” Boli asked.

“Yes, sir. My memory’s been bad.”

“How long has your memory been bad?”

“One day it’s all right, and the next day it is all wrong.”

“Did you get well today?”

“No, sir. I am not right yet.”

“If you told the grand jury it was Crane that came toward you, that wasn’t right?”

“If I did say it then, it wasn’t right,” he said.

The defense did not need to call a single witness. For all the delays, the trial which was expected to last a week was done in only two days. After the state rested its case Tuesday afternoon, still agitated over Red Webber’s change of story, Gard moved for a directed verdict. 

Boli said, “The state believes that there has been some pressure brought to bear on the testimony of one witness in an attempt to bring about a miscarriage of justice. We believe this case should be given to the jury.”

“Undoubtedly, there has been a cover-up process, suppression of the truth and intimidation,” Harlan said. “I guess there’s nothing to do but direct a verdict. I don’t like to do it.”

When the jury came back, Harlan explained the action he was about to take, tracing the testimony and explaining that there was no evidence to directly connect the two defendants to the killing.

“Therefore,” he said, “the court is bound to direct you to render a verdict in favor of these defendants. I sustained these motions with great reluctance. Somebody killed that man. It seems to me, and no doubt to you also, that somebody should come forward and tell the truth. It is a sad condition of affairs in this city that this isn’t done.”

Later that month, Red Weber was indicted for perjury, but the trial was postponed indefinitely. 

The papers never said why police didn’t hold Nugent on the Cincinnati charges, but he man went on to enjoy a notable career in the gangster world as one of the top machine gunners around. He would never be put on trial again, but would be credited with at least a dozen other murders, moving on to bigger and more notorious gangs. He went to Kansas City and renewed his acquaintance with a war buddy, his sergeant on a motorcycle machine gun crew who was now leading a gang there. His name was Fred “Killer” Burke, and the notorious Chicago gangster Al Capone called the Burke gang his “American boys,” and it was this gang that he called upon for the infamous St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. Ray “Crane Neck” Nugent was one of the machine gunners with Burke that day.

After that fiasco of a trial, Boli got back to the business of padlocking the cafés from Skinner’s list and targeted 12 cafés, but by that time so many had changed ownership or closed down completely that only four cases made it to hearings.

Ohio prohibition commissioner McDonald continued to offer his support, but the tone of his comments revealed his impatience. He was, the Evening Journal said, “straining at the leash.”

“If the authorities at Hamilton want me to give them legal assistance in their liquor padlocking cases, I will make arrangements to have someone from the attorney general’s office go down to help in the prosecution,” McDonald said. “We have a number of men who are familiar with that kind of litigation and could render valuable aid… If it is impossible for the attorney general to furnish a lawyer from his department I will secure one of the attorneys in the employ of the Anti-Saloon League and one of the best. I want the cases pushed to the limit and I want the state to give all possible assistance as it is duty bound to do.”

When the first four cases were brought to court on January 25, only Casey’s Place at 41 Chestnut Street was ordered padlocked because the other locations had been vacated and the café equipment removed, although Boli said he would keep the suits alive should anyone attempt to re-open the locations as cafés. John Casey lost a $1,000 bond on the deal, which he had posted a year earlier after being threatened with a padlock and promising that he would use the building as a barbershop. Casey tried to get another bond, but the effort proved unsuccessful and he relocated to Florida to take a job as a chef. “The café business in Hamilton is too tough,” he said.

It would be the end of March before another joint would be padlocked, Wrassman’s Dunlap Café on Court Street, and then only after another raid. The raiding party of 11 men from the city police, sheriff department and Seven Mile court failed to turn up any liquor

On May 2, 1925, The Saturday following the murder, people of the Congregational Church at Seventh and High Streets passed out handbills advertising the next evening’s sermon by its pastor, the Reverend William S. McBirnie. The headlines read “What I Charge Mayor Kelly With” and “Schief Should Not Have Been Murdered.”

Because of the publicity, nearly 2,000 people crammed into the sanctuary, filling every available seat and standing room in the back. 

The service began innocuously enough with the regular prayers and hymns, up until McBirnie read a passage from Lamentations, according to the Evening Journal, “the story of how Jerusalem, once the pride of the world, became decadent, the walls crumbled and fell, and how the passersby sneered and hurled stones at the city, and how then Jeremiah, the weeping prophet called to them ‘Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by?’”

“Is it nothing to you,” McBirnie addressed the audience, driving his point home, undoubtedly in the dramatic fashion for which he was known and loved, “that Hamilton is corrupt?”

McBirnie had barely been in Hamilton a year. Born in Ireland in 1890, he said he early on developed a taste for travel. It’s not clear when he first came to North America, but he joined the Canadian Army in 1914, fought in France during World War I, and relocated to the United States in 1917. He became affiliated with the Salvation Army and went on a lecture circuit as a fundraiser, talking about his experiences in the trenches at Ypres. As he traveled the country, mostly in the Midwest and South, he said he became more interested in evangelism than lecturing, and began studies at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago and the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati.

When he first came to Hamilton in December, 1923, for an interim position with the First Congregational church, he said he was planning to embark on a three year world tour. The Evening Journal described “a young man of intense convictions” who “preached in the power and demonstration of the Holy Spirit.” He was such a compelling preacher and so won the hearts of the First Congregational that by April 1924 he had accepted the pastorate there, to begin that August after a trip to Ireland to see his mother. 

The sanctuary at the Congregational church was packed “pit to dome” on the evening of May 3, 1925, with Mayor Howard E. Kelly and his stenographer in attendance, along with municipal court Judge E.J. Kautz and other city officials.

McBirnie revealed that three months previous, he was part of a self-appointed committee that launched an investigation into the “moral affairs” of the city. He did not name the other seven members of the committee, but said he was authorized to impart the results of his investigation, which he conducted in disguise--“a cap and an unlighted cigar”--with two hired detectives as his bodyguards.

The first place he visited was Bob Schief’s Place at 338 Court Street.

“The man who was with me gave the ‘high-sign,’” McBirnie said. “The door was unlocked and we were admitted. We asked for two ginger ales and got two glasses of ‘white mule’ with ginger ale on the side. I couldn’t drink mine. The detective who was with me drank his. In a moment, the sweat began to stand out on his head. He complained of intense head and stomach aches. Such was the effect of the stuff we found there.”

McBirnie also went to the Hotel Lee that night, where all the trouble would start the night of Schief’s murder.

“We entered the cabaret,” he said. “We asked the colored waitresses and later the house man if we could get any good whiskey. He said he would find out. A little later we received the high-sign and were led through a door into a small room. Lee Richardson was there and poured out three drinks in one glass. Three of the colored waitresses crowded in. They asked us for cigarettes.”

The reverend had the audience enraptured and outraged. They laughed at his comic stories about his experiences in the bars and brothels of Hamilton. He charged Mayor Kelly with incompetence, relating several occasions when Kelly had knowledge of gambling and illegal liquor operations and refused to act, saying he didn’t have enough police force to do much about it. 

“There are more houses of ill-fame in Hamilton than churches,” he preached. “It is easier to buy moonshine than milk... I went to Mayor Kelly with three others and told him of the conditions I found. I offered my evidence. He promised to find out what action could be taken... Nothing has been done.”

After the sermon, a reporter heard the mayor quip, “Well, I feel better about it now that I know what it was all about.”

The next day’s Evening Journal published a six-paragraph statement from the mayor saying that if McBirnie would swear affidavits as to the findings of his investigation, the mayor would personally sign them to bring charges against the sporting houses.

The last two paragraphs took a different tone, threatening court action against the crusading reverend: “I personally believe that [certain statements] were sufficient to slander my character, and I will institute a suit against him as soon as my attorneys have gone over the contents of his sermon.”

That Tuesday, Mayor Kelly reported that McBirnie was to come to his office at 1 p.m. and deliver the evidence he had gathered, but he did not show, instead leaving a note for him at the YMCA saying that he was going to “confer first with members of the citizens’ committee.” 

As it turned out, the Rev. McBirnie and the delegation of citizens had actually gone to Columbus that day to deliver his evidence to Governor Vic Donahey: 58 affidavits and a typewritten sheet outlining his charges against Mayor Kelly and demanding that he be removed from office. The governor then handed the affidavits over to state prohibition Commissioner A.F. McDonald, who said he would send a pair of investigators to Hamilton straightaway to investigate the allegations contained in the affidavits.

McBirnie continued his own investigation, hiring “secret service men,” including some former, disgraced Hamilton police officers, at a cost of $1,700 (he wouldn’t say whose money it was, only that it wasn’t his) to begin issuing affidavits locally to shut down the cafes and resorts of Hamilton. By the end of the week, police had arrested Florence Freese for keeping a house at 319 Market street and five other women for keeping or working in houses on Wood Street on charges sworn to by McBirnie and his committee. 

In a municipal courtroom packed with men and boys that Friday, four of the Wood Street women were fined $50 and costs, with charges dropped against one. Madame Freese’s case was continued until Monday. “Rev. McBirnie was constantly in whispering conversations with Millikin Shotts, city solicitor,” the Evening Journal reported. “The whispers were taken to mean that the minister was leading the cross-examination.”

The defense attorneys called McBirnie to the stand for three minutes of testimony that didn’t seem to amount to much.

“Are you an American citizen?” was the first question. His attorney’s objection was sustained and McBirnie didn’t answer.

“Have you been deputized?”

“No.”

“Did you finance this investigation yourself?”

He did not answer the question, and the judge did not compel him to.

The following Sunday, May 10, McBirnie took to the pulpit again with the sermon “Behold a City Left Desolate By Sin,” furthering his clean-up effort and challenged the congregation to end dancing and card-playing in their own homes. He charged that “moneyed interests behind vice” were working to thwart his effort, but he declared his relentlessness.

“They say I am running away,” he said. “I assure you that I have never fled from anything and that I will not run away.”

He related his experience on the witness stand in municipal court and the implication that since he is not an American citizen he has no standing as a crusader.

“I knew they would say this,” he said, “so I made my application for my first papers. This shows that my heart is right, does it not? I’d sooner be Irish with God in my heart than like some people in Hamilton without God in my heart.”

McBirnie claimed that three-fourths of the spectators in the courtroom were in sympathy with the women: “I got dirty looks and was called dirty names but it didn’t stop me one bit.”

He closed his sermon with a denunciation of conditions in Hamilton so fervent and a call to action so passionate--“In the name of Hamilton go over to the right side! Do something for God’s sake! For Hamilton’s sake, do something!”--that he momentarily collapsed into a chair next to the rostrum, his head buried in his hands.

A hush fell over the congregation and Mrs. McBirnie jumped to her feet and led a rousing rendition of “Onward Christian Soldiers.” It was enough of a pause for the preacher to compose himself enough to offer the benediction. The packed sanctuary rang with cheers and the minister was surrounded by parishioners with their pledges of support for his clean-up drive.

The next morning, McBirnie spent a half-hour in front of the Butler County grand jury, but he would not speak about it afterward, and the jury’s next report did not mention and did not include any indictments coming from McBirnie’s crusade. 

That evening, McBirnie was back in court, standing the entire time as he directed the prosecution of Florence Freese. She was represented by Warren Gard, former Congressman and county prosecutor, who spent a full 15 minutes at the start of the trial objecting the introduction of water works billing records that would prove that Mrs. Freese was the tenant of 319 Market Street. Nevertheless, the document was accepted. After a three hour session Monday and another session of at least an hour Wednesday evening occupied by Gard’s motion to dismiss, the court fined Mrs. Freese $50 and costs.

“Thugs and denizens of the underworld,” as the Evening Journal called them, or “some slinking reprobate” as McBirney would say from the pulpit, struck back at 10:45 p.m. Saturday, May 16, with an attempt to burn down the preacher’s house at 815 Campbell Avenue.

The minister, his wife, his two sons Bobby and Billy, and his mother-in-law were all asleep when Mrs. McBirnie heard the sound of footsteps and voices outside the house. Peeking out a window, she saw flames leaping from the rear porch. She awakened her husband and he called the police and fire departments, who responded quickly and extinguished the fire before much damage could be done. Investigation showed that the rear porch and weather boarding had been soaked with benzine and ignited with a match. A quart bottle smelling of benzine was left on the back porch.

Word of the arson further inflamed both public indignation and the pastor’s fury as more than 1,500 packed into the High Street church Sunday evening.

“They can’t come out in the open and take off their coats and fight like men,” he began his sermon. “They had to wait until my babies were asleep before carrying out their infamous plot.”

Meanwhile, rumors were flying in from Columbus that Commissioner McDonald had finished his investigation and would release the results at any moment. Those rumors halted when Governor Donahey called Mayor Kelly in for a private conference, which he did on Tuesday, May 26. The following day, McDonald and Donahey released a recommendation that seemed to take much of the city by surprise, although McBirney publicly expressed satisfaction at their findings.

McDonald concluded that it wasn’t the mayor, but Chief of Police Frank Clements who was to blame for the lax law enforcement, and he and the governor recommended Clements’s immediate removal. Clements refused to resign and Kelly seemed to balk at the idea of firing him, but did the following day. The chief immediately appealed to the Civil Service Commission. Twenty-five of the 58 affidavits that McBirney gave to the governor concerned Clements, who argued that the real problem was that the police department was severely understaffed, to the point that he was personally acting as desk sergeant in addition to his duties as chief so that he could have an additional man in the streets.

Before the Civil Service Commission began its hearings on the case, Kelly officially filed a $10,000 slander suit against McBirney, and the Council of Congregational Churches met at the High Street church the very next day and voted to dissolve their relationship with the crusading pastor, saying that he did not consult the council about his investigation and did not have its approval. McBirnie delivered a “farewell sermon” the following Sunday, June 8, and vowed to remain in Hamilton until all the matters that required his attention were taken care of.

Even though he was without a job, McBirney and a cadre of his supporters--now known as “the Committee of 12”--attended the Civil Service Commission hearings. McBirney himself testified, occupying most of the first day. He had his say, but the proceedings did not go well for the crusader after that. During the second day, while the city safety director was testifying that while Clements was suspended he continued to work as desk sergeant while drawing the salary of a chief, McBirnie interrupted the hearing and accused Mayor Kelly of hand signalling answers to the witness. “Instantly there was a hubbub in the courtroom,” the Evening Journal reported. “Attorneys were on their feet, all talking at once... The mayor merely laughed and shook his head.” Even before things began to settle down, McBirnie apologized to the members of the commission, grabbed his hat and began to push his way through the crowd and into the corridor.

“It’s all a frame-up!” he cried to a reporter on the way to the elevator, and waving his arms dramatically shouted, “I’m through! I’m through.”

“Will you come back?” the reporter asked.

“Never!” he shouted as he got on the elevator.

Twenty minutes later, the hearing adjourned and the three-man Civil Service Commission unanimously sided with Clements and ordered that he be returned to duty, which he did on July 6. He sent out a memo to the department explaining the situation and asking for their cooperation--and took a shot at McBirney as he denounced “non-citizens, cheap investigators and their backers.”

That weekend, the Rev. William S. McBirnie, citing health concerns, packed up the family car and said they would be staying for a month in St. Louis, eventually making their way to Dallas, to rekindle his work with the evangelist Gypsy Smith and the Salvation Army. He said they would camp along the way, in the hope of further benefiting his health.

At around 10:30 p.m., Saturday night, June 20, 1925, Squire Morris Y. Shuler and five members of his liquor squad parked their cars on the Seven Mile Pike in Coke Otto, the village that would later be incorporated as New Miami.

Shuler remained in his car while Wayne township constable Wilbur Jacobs, 43, led a team that included State Prohibition officer and Middletown resident Arnold Skinner, Coke Otto magistrate Louis Bolser and Seven Mile deputy marshal Robert Tewart. They walked the 200 yards to the house on Augspurger Road. Sanford Lakes rented the house and lived in part of it with his wife and daughter, but the Prohibition squad was interested in the two rooms in front, one up and one down, that Lakes sublet to Ethel Grathwohl and her boarder Milton Henson. Jacobs carried a warrant to search those rooms for liquor.

Jacobs had been a deputy in Shuler’s court for about three and one-half years, and had been on nearly 800 raids of the cafes, barns, sheds, garages, and homes of Butler County.

Milton Henson was a 32-year-old veteran of the Great War and claimed to have been gassed three times. Two years earlier, he came to live with Ethel Grathwohl, 30, and her husband William, who operated a boarding house at 335 Market Street in Hamilton. A year later, when Mr. Grathwohl moved out of the house and separated from his wife, Henson stayed on, and he and Ethel lived together since. They also bought a Ford coupe together, but both Henson and Grathwohl insisted they were not living “as man and wife.” 

Jacobs knocked on the screen door. A man answered, asked them what they wanted. When Jacobs said that he “represented the law,” the man hastily closed and latched the screen door in their faces and walked rapidly away.

The officers then broke through the door. Tewart, Bolser, and Skinner went immediately up the stairs, where at least nine men were shooting dice and playing poker.  One of them shouted, “If you’ve got a gun, get rid of it!”

In the corner was a tub full of ice and bottles of home brew, a small group of men drinking beer next to it, and two women fast approaching him. Jacobs stepped into the front room at the left of the hallway. Jacobs suddenly stood face to face with Ethel Grathwohl. Standing defiantly behind her was Mattie Foster, a friend who still lived in the boarding house on Market Street, although Mattie would later swear she went out into the yard as soon as the liquor agents arrived.

Ethel confronted the officer and shoved him toward the door, telling him that if he represented the law to “get out and enter the house in a manner becoming ‘the law’," she said later.

“I have a warrant,” Jacobs said.

“Where’s the warrant?” she inquired and Jacobs held it out to her.

“Read it,” he said.

“You read it. Is it for me or for him?” evidently referring to Henson, but he wasn’t in the room at the time.

The room was dimly lit by a lone lamp on a table in the center of the room. Jacobs brushed Grathwohl aside and took steps toward lamp to get better light, and started to read the warrant.

The men who were drinking home brew from the tub would later say that Jacobs “was reading the warrant when I chanced to look past him and saw the slayer, alone, creeping stealthily into the room from the hallway. His eyes glittered and half crouched, he kept his right hand and arm hidden behind him.”

“It was while she and Jacobs and the Foster woman were standing near the table in the middle of the room that a man entered from the hallway. Henson entered the room bare-headed and in his shirt sleeves.” 

One witness said he felt a “little funny when Henson entered the room in a crouched position. Walking in a stooped position to a place near the center of the room, the man suddenly straightened, extended his right arm... with a revolver not far from the officer’s head.”

“That man was Milton Henson. I believe that just before he fired the shot he shouted, ‘Read it, damn you.’”

“Suddenly, the crouched figure straightened, the hidden arm was brought forth, clutching a revolver and the bullet fired into Jacobs’s head.” 

The bullet entered Jacobs’s left temple and took an upward course through his skull, and exited from the right side of his head. The bullet was never located. 

Jacobs “just groaned, then slid to the floor, dead. The slayer ran from the room and out the front door, still holding the revolver in his hand. That was the last that I saw of him.”

“What became of him after I do not know. I ran from the house, together with other occupants.” 

While he was trying to find the light, Milton Henson entered the room from the hallway. He was in a crouching position, his right hand behind his back. He slipped in beside Ethel, then suddenly stood up straight and shouted, “Read it, damn you!”

He then extended his right arm, clutching a .38 calibre revolver with a pearl handle, the barrel within two feet of Wilbur Jacobs’s head.

The bullet entered the officer’s left temple at an upward angle and exited on the right side of his head. Jacobs, a witness said, “just groaned, then slid to the floor, dead.”

Ethel Grathwohl said that she was “too bewildered” to know who fired the shot. “I only heard one shot fired. As soon as the shot was fired, someone went to the window while another person opened a locked read door in the room or jumped out a window.” Other witnesses said that she grabbed Henson and started crying, “O Milt! You’ve killed him!”

At the sound of the shot, the entire house erupted in chaos as the officers barreled down the stairs followed by those gamblers who didn’t climb out of a second floor window. Arnold Skinner, who was the last officer to go up the stairs, was the first officer to reach Jacobs. He said that about two minutes had passed since they had broken down the screen door. As he reached the bottom of the stairs, a man rushed from the room with a smoking revolver in his hand, the pungent odor of burnt powder still permeating the room. the other men in the house escaped by various means of windows and doors and ran down the street toward Seven Mile Pike with Tewart and Bolser in pursuit.

“I was waiting in a car parked on the Seven Mile Pike when I heard something that sounded like a shot,” Squire Shuler said. “The next minute I heard a large group of men running down the street. I recognized Bolser’s voice calling them to stop. Then I jumped from the car and pulling out my revolver, headed the men off. We searched them and found no weapons. The sheriff and police were called at once and the men taken to Hamilton.”

He said they found a half-pint bottle of liquor in the house. Beneath a trunk on the second floor, the flooring had been sawed out, evidently as a cache for liquor. None was found.

Shuler broke down when they told him that Jacobs had been slain. “Jacobs was one of the best officers I ever saw. He was not in the raiding business for the money that was in it but because he wanted to clean up this moonshine and illegal liquor traffic. He was a fine officer and a square one.” 

Still, he held the prisoners under guard until the Sheriff and his deputies arrived, along with a contingent of Hamilton officers and detectives. Sheriff Epperson was the first called and he in turn called deputies Wesley Wulzen and Ernest Legg, and they all hurried to the scene along with a contingent of Hamilton police officers and detectives.

***

The search for Milton Henson lasted ten days. On more than six different occasions, police had responded to calls to places where Henson was believed to be hiding, but always arrived too late. 

Finally, on June 30, deputy sheriff Wesley Wulzen took a tip from an informant and assembled a team to go to Brookville, Indiana, where Milton Henson was said to be hiding out on the farm of Joseph Roark, a distant cousin. Wulzen and 17 other officers left Hamilton about 8 p.m. When they arrived, the men spread out and completely surrounded the house and barn, which were about 75 yards apart. They were prepared to wait until dawn, believing that if they waited until daylight, the fugitive would have less chance to escape. For hours the officers lay in hiding behind outhouses, trees, and bushes.

At first light, Sheriff Joliff of Brookville knocked on the door to the house. Joe Roark answered.

“I don’t harbor that kind of breed,” Roark said. “He was here but he has left. You can search the house if you want to.”

Patrolman Joe Evans of the Hamilton Police and Patrick Hanna, officer of the Oxford magistrate’s court, had already gone inside the barn, Police Inspector Holden of Hamilton covering the loft while they searched. In the meantime, Patrolman Joe Evans of the Hamilton Police and Patrick Hanna, officer of the Oxford magistrate’s court, went inside the barn to search. Police Inspector Holden of Hamilton stationed himself to view the loft to preclude an ambush. Finding no sign of him he had seen no sign of the fugitive in the loft, Inspector Holden joined the other two officers and aided in the search. The trio split up.

Outside the barn, Detective Charles Nugent and a dozen other officers were lying flat on the ground so they could not be seen should the fugitive try to bolt for the woods. The morning pastoral stillness was interrupted by the clatter of hoofs. Someone climbing onto a straw pile had chased a bull out of the barn and into the field. Nugent saw the bull. It was coming his direction. Nugent knew there was a fence between him and the bull but didn’t know the gate was open. The bull came through. Then Nugent ran. He later said, “But I was not the only one who ran.”

Detective Evans was the first to see Henson lying in the haymow, tucked into a hole dug in the hay, covered with a blanket. He was muttering incoherently in his sleep. Evans, drawing his revolver, reached over, shook Henson and warned him to keep his hands from beneath the blanket where he believed a pistol might have been hidden.

“Don’t shoot, Joe,” he said. “I’ll give myself up.”

“Have you a gun?” Evans asked.

“No. I threw it in a creek between here and Brookville.”

With three revolvers aimed at him, the fugitive became a prisoner as he climbed down from the mow without the least show of resistance. Deputy Wulzen and other Hamilton officers joined them in the barn and began questioning him.

Deputy Wulzen asked him, “Did you shoot Jacobs with a .38 or a .45 calibre revolver.”

Henson answered, “I didn’t shoot him.”

No one would own up to it--Henson wasn’t sure but thought it was Hamilton detective Charles Nugent--but somehow or other, someone struck Henson in the back of the head with a revolver before he came out of the barn, leaving a bleeding wound.

Henson was perceptibly nervous on the return as he rode handcuffed to Detective Evans. He volunteered no information but readily answered questions.

Holden asked him, “How are you feeling?”

“Not very good. I am nervous. I cannot sleep and cannot eat.”

“Why did you shoot Jacobs?”

“I don’t know,” Henson said, and added he was sorry he did it. He said no more until his arrival at the police station.

In the chief of police’s office in Hamilton, Henson made a full confession to safety director Joseph B. Meyers before his attorney arrived.

After preliminary questions concerning his name and so forth, Henson was asked if he knew Jacobs. He answered that he knew his face but did not know him personally.

Henson seemed nervous when asked to tell the story of the shooting. His hands were twitching and he tugged at his clothing. Before beginning his story, he asked for a cigarette. After a few puffs, he laid it aside on a table near where he was sitting, and burned itself out as Henson told of the murder and his flight from justice.

He recalled in detail the police coming to the door and Jacobs reading the warrant, but the moment that he pulled the trigger was hazy in his memory. “But after I had pulled the trigger, I ran out of the room and out the front door.”

"I came to the house at Coke Otto where I had been staying with Ethel Grathwohl about 10 o'clock on the night of the shooting,” he said. “At 10:15 I took a boy to work at Hamilton, leaving him at Fifth and Vine streets. On the way back, I stopped my car on B street and got some cigarettes, then I returned to Coke Otto.” 

He drove right into the yard when he got back to the house, the first time he had ever done that. The lights flashed on Mattie Foster, who was sitting in the yard. 

“I know it’s you!” Henson said the woman yelled.

“When I got there, some of the boys wanted a little game of cards, so I went to look for a blanket. Someone said, just about this time, that there was somebody at the door. I looked, but didn't see anybody. Then I went into the front room downstairs.”

There was a rap at the door and he answered it. There were some men there. One of them said, “Open the door.” Henson asked them who they were but they did not answer. Then he turned to walk in and reached up on the cupboard for his pistol.

"Just then the door was broken down. A lot of men rushed upstairs. Another one started into the room. Mrs. Grathwohl tried to stop him. I believe the man was [Jacobs]. He pushed her aside, threw back his coat and showed his badge, then said, 'I'm an officer and I have a warrant.'”

At the start, Jacobs pushed Mrs. Grathwohl aside when she tried to get him to go out and read the warrant.

“I was standing in the door. Someone threw a flashlight on me and I put my head down. Jacobs was standing at the table. Two men who were sitting in the corner of the room got up and went out.

“I ain’t going to read it!” Henson said Jacobs remarked.

“I said go ahead and read it, if you have a warrant for her and one for me.”

Henson remarked that he could neither read nor write.

“I said 'Read it.' Jacobs answered 'Read it yourself, damn it,' and threw it on the table.

"I guess that was when I shot him. I threw the gun on him and pulled the trigger. I don’t know how I came to do it. There was scuffling in the house. Some of the men who had gone upstairs came down and some of those who were in the house went out through the windows. I said for someone to call the doctor or the police and get them quick.

“I don't remember just how it was, but after I had pulled the trigger, I ran out of the room and out the front door.”

Ethel Grathwohl was out there trying to get someone to call the police. Several other men tried to get out, but the officer knocked them back with the remark, “Get back there or I’ll kill you.”

He went to the barn behind the house, he said, and sat there until everything at the house quieted down. Henson said he went back to the barn and sat there 20 minutes, then he got up and went back to the house. There was no one there. He tried to open both the front and back doors, and finally tried to get in through the cellar but that door was also locked. He called to the Lakes family, “Are you asleep?” but no one answered.

He saw several automobiles parked in front of the place but he did not know the persons in them, so he went back to the house, rapped on the door again and said, “Open the door.”

“Lord have mercy don’t come in here,” Mrs. Mary Lakes replied without opening the door. “There’s been a man killed.”

“What did they do? Where did they go?”

She said the police took everyone to town.

“I want to come in,” Henson insisted. The he turned and walked back to the barn again with the gun still in his hand. Some automobiles came and threw their lights onto the field. He finally recognized one of the boys with whom he formerly worked and asked him to take him to down.

“I’m afraid to do that,” the boy replied.

Henson said he’d get the boy some whiskey if he did, but he still refused. Henson went to the barn again and remained there for a short time, then walked to the coke plant and found a telephone. He called Mattie Foster and asked her to take him to town.

“I can’t do that,” Foster said. “They’re watching me. There’s someone here now.”

After that, Henson went down the road to the traction line. 

“I ran along the road and down into the creek, where I hid under the bridge which crosses Four Mile creek,” a few hundred yards from the house. "I stayed under the bridge for a long time."

Then a traction car came along and he could see where it was going, he climbed the bank and followed the tracks.

Henson followed the railroad track to Hamilton, arriving there at 3:30 a.m., cutting over to about Third Street at Vine. Policemen were within a city block of Henson at that time.

“I went back on Third Street to Little Italy where I stayed with a family named Barger all the rest of Sunday night and until dark on Monday.”

Two of the boys there had sat up with him all night. They told Henson they did not know what to advise him to do. 

“I believe I’ll go and give myself up,” Henson said he remarked at the Barger house.

After that, he went over to the family home of William Rogers on North Fourth Street but did not go in. He talked to someone there and asked them to tell his brother. Henson was told his brother had been seen but they did not get to talk to him. He got a drink of water there, he said, but was then turned away, so he went down East Avenue to the home of Roy Roark, a cousin. He remained there Monday night and left there Tuesday after dark. One of the boys who had married into the Roark family, whom he did not know except by the name of Casey Jones, drove him over to the Joe Roark farm near Brookville. 

At the Roark house on East Avenue, the officers arrived only about twenty minutes after Henson had gone to Brookville that first time. Myers asked, “Where did you get your grub?”

“I didn’t eat. I drank a glass of milk. They asked me to eat but I was not hungry.”

Henson came back to Hamilton Tuesday afternoon, saying he planned to turn himself in. He paid a farmer boy $4 to bring him in from Brookville. The boy took him to the National garage on Main Street where he used to keep his automobile and used a telephone to call Mattie Foster.

“You aren’t in town?” she asked.

He replied, “Yes, I came back. Get word to Ethel. Tell her I’m coming over.”

He then called on his brother, Bev Henson.

“Come over and take me to the police station,” he said he told his brother.

“All right. I’ll come and take you or you can call them where you are so they can come and get you,” he said his brother replied.

After talking it over, he changed his mind about giving himself up at that time, so he called the Ohio Taxi Company. It was then after 1 p.m.

Eddie Fiehrer, the cab driver, would later tell the Evening Journal the story of the ride to Brookville: “I was called to the National garage to get a passenger and when I got there a man asked me what the charge would be to take him to Reily. I told him twelve dollars. While we were on the way to Reily, my passenger said to me, ‘You don’t know who I am, do you?’ and I replied, ‘No. Your face seems familiar, but I don’t know your name.’ ‘It’s all right,’ the fellow answered and nothing more was said about identity. 

“When we got near Reily the fellow asked me what the charge would be to take him on to Brookville and I told him fifteen dollars and he asked if I could not take  him there for less. I told that when I got to Reily I would call up the head office and ask about it. I did so and was told to take him on to Brookville for twelve dollars, which I did, taking him up among the hills about two miles beyond Brookville. 

“I had absolutely no idea who my passenger was and I had no reason to ask his name so long as he paid and knew where he wanted to go. If I had known who he was, I would without doubt called the sheriff as I had every opportunity to do so at Reily where he sat in the cab while I went into a place to call the office. He would not have known what I was talking about and if I had known it was Henson I could easily have called the sheriff and they could have gotten him right away as I could have held him there on some pretext until the officers arrived. I did not know until after his arrest and confession that I had hauled Henson that day. I did not in any way tip him off to the officers because I did not know who he was and consequently I have not received, nor do I in any way feel entitled to any reward in connection with the case.”

“I had the gun with me all the time,” Henson said in his confession. It was a .38 calibre Smith and Wesson Special, he said, which he had bought about a month ago at a store at Main and B streets. “After the taxi had left, I walked back along the road to a bridge near Brookville and threw the gun in the river.”

Meyers asked, “Why did you buy the gun?”

He replied, “A fellow had been threatening me. You know you never can tell what they’ll do.”

Henson had been considering giving himself up ever since the shooting.

“I couldn’t sleep. This thing was on my mind. I couldn’t get it off. I have eaten practically nothing. I drank a little milk. When I would sleep I would dream. I was dreaming about this woman (Ethel) when officers arrested me. She seemed to be saying, ‘I’ll see you.’ I thought she was crying.”

“Then I went back to the farm and into the barn. I guess I went to sleep about dark and I didn’t hear anything until this morning when Joe Evans woke me up in the barn. I was dreaming then about a girl. It seemed that she was crying, trying to tell me to beware of something that was going to happen. That was when the officers awakened me. That’s about all, I guess.”

Meyers asked him to get it into the record: “We didn’t use any force to get this confession, did we?”

Henson replied, “No, no, no. I wanted to tell the straight story and get it off my mind.”

He paid a farm boy $4 to bring him back to Hamilton on Thursday, again planning to turn himself in. On a phone at a Main Street garage, he spoke to Mattie Foster and told her to tell Ethel he was coming to see her, then called his brother and decided to not give himself in and took an Ohio Taxi back to Brookville.

“Then I went back to the farm and into the barn. I went to sleep about dark and I didn’t hear anything until this morning when Joe Evans woke me up in the barn. I was dreaming then about a girl. It seemed that she was crying, trying to tell me to beware of something that was going to happen. That was when the officers awakened me.”

***

The day after Henson’s capture, Mayor Shuler levied a fine against Ethel Grathwohl to the tune of $1,000 for the home brew and moonshine found in her apartment the night of Jacobs’s murder.

He raised his right hand above his head and said, “Mrs. Grathwohl, I hope the spirit of Wilbur Jacobs will harass you during all the time you are if it so happens that  you cannot pay this fine. I hope, too, that the widow of this man and his children, as they go sorrowfully about their daily tasks will cause you to regret more and more that this evil deed was done at your house.”

When he had finished, he dropped his hand to his side and bowed his head, tears coursing down his cheeks. Jacobs had been a lifelong friend of Mayor Shuler.

Henson mounted a defense that he was too drunk to be totally responsible for the murder. Prosecutor Peter P. Boli asked the jury for the death penalty, while Henson’s lawyer asked for second degree murder, which would give him a chance for parole. It took the jury five hours to reach a guilty verdict for first degree murder, but recommended mercy, and Judge Walter Harlan sentenced him to life in prison. He made no appeal.

Ethel Grathwohl did not appear as a witness at Henson’s trial and did not pay the fine, so she spent some time in the Marysville reformatory until a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in March 1927 ended Shuler’s liquor court and rendered all its decisions null.

Milton Henson died in the Ohio Penitentiary hospital, June 1, 1966, at the age of 72.

At about 6 p.m. on the evening of Saturday, November 21, 1925, Butler County Coronor Hugh Gadd, moonlighting as an officer of Seven Mile Mayor Morris Y. Shuler’s liquor court, met up with brothers Bob and Fred Gary at the YMCA to discuss their plans for the evening. Shuler had told Gadd earlier that the Donkey Club, 328 Court St., had installed a steel door and was selling liquor in the back room. So the three men first went to that café and stood near the rear door listening. They heard voices quoting prices for drinks and half-pints.

They went around front and saw three young men coming out the door and stopped them at the corner of Court and Third. One man had a bottle of liquor in his pocket, so the agents took the trio to Sheriff Luther Epperson’s office. The young men would not say where they bought the liquor, but because the prohibition officers had seen them exit the Donkey Club, they were able to get a warrant to search the place.

Upon reaching the Donkey Club at 7:45 p.m. Fred Gary circled down a passageway to the east of the cafe building to a rear door. He looked in the peep hole and saw three men in putting white liquid into bottles. When he rapped on the door and demanded admittance, a voice on the inside shouted: “You come in here and I will pour some hot lead into you.” He stood back and kept an eye on the door.

In the meantime, Gadd and Bob Gary went in through the front door. Alabama Wells, co-owner of the cafe, was behind the bar. There were ten or twelve men in the room. Gadd saw two men he did not know go through a steel plated door behind the bar into a back room. 

Gadd said, “I asked Wells if he was in charge and he said he was.”

The Donkey Club had formerly been owned by Bob Schief, who was murdered outside the Hotel Lee on Woods Street, but had been purchased by Olney Wells, known around Hamilton as “Alabama,” his home state. Orphaned as a toddler, he was reared by relatives, and when he turned 15, took up the trade of a molder at in Ensley, Jefferson County, Alabama. He came to Hamilton to work in the foundries here before he joined the army, and returned at the start of Prohibition, but began working in the cafes instead of the foundries. The Donkey Club was not his first venture, and he had paid fines in the Mayor’s courts of Seven Mile and Morning Sun in Preble County.

On March 5, 1925, Wells and his employer, John Welsh, who owned a café at Fifth and Sycamore streets, as the result of a visit by federal prohibition officers on February 23. “On their first visit to the place, officers were under the impression that a signal was sent to the second floor and that some liquid was poured into other containers. Samples were taken and these tested 5.55 percent alcohol. It also contained acetic acid, supposedly to kill the odor. Nothing was found during a second search when the warrants were delivered, but Wells and Welsh were charged for Volstead violations, including “maintaining a common nuisance,” a charge that would get their café padlocked. The episode cost them $175 in fines from the federal court in Cincinnati. 

A few days later, Hamilton Police seized an abandoned automobile on the corner of Sixth and Sycamore that contained 46 gallons of moonshine. The car belonged to Olney Wells and Officer Ed Tuley signed out a warrant against him for transporting liquor. In January, 1925, Wells and another Hamilton man were fined $150 in Preble County by Squire Pastor of Morning Sun. They were sent to jail in Eaton and released “after a satisfactory arrangement had been made.”

The Coroner noticed as he read his search warrant to Wells, the men in the café, getting the drift of what was about to go down, began exiting the front door, but no one came out of the back room. Soon, Gadd reported, it was just the two officers and Wells.

“I gave him the search warrant to read,” Gadd said. “Wells said to me, ‘There is a word in this warrant I can’t make out,’ and I told Wells that the word was ‘structure’.”

About that time the telephone rang, and Wells set the warrant on the bar while he answered it. “Graham’s not here,” he said, then hung up and the cab driver Tincher came in for a pack of smokes. Wells gave him change for his quarter while Gadd explained the meaning of “structure.” Then the phone rang again and Alabama took the call while Bob Gary and Gadd waited.

Wells stayed behind the bar, Gadd walking up and down in front of it, chewing gum rapidly and seeming to be nervous, according to one of the men who peered in through the front window, his hands ducking in and out of his pants pockets.

Finally, Wells said, “If you are looking for whiskey, then go ahead and search.” 

“I was waiting for you to finish your phone call so you could open up the steel door,” Gadd said.

“Why don’t you just search behind the bar?” Alabama asked.

“Because the whiskey’s in the back room.”

Then chaos erupted. 

Gadd said that Gary walked toward the steel door behind the bar and in line with the peep hole when he saw Wells reach for his gun.

"Gary's back was to Wells," the coroner said. “When Wells pulled out, his revolver and started to shoot. Gary walked behind the bar and within about eight feet of Wells and the way it looked to me that Robert Gary turned his head and about that time a shot was fired by Wells... and Gary fell back on the bar.

“I tried to get my gun out about the same time Wells was getting his out,” Gadd said, “but I didn’t get it out until after Gary had been shot. Wells reeled and shot twice at me and the second shot hit me in the left hand, entered at the second joint of the index finger and about two inches back of the knuckle joint.

“Every time Wells shot he would duck under the bar and would bob up and down to fire again. He shot about five times.”

Gadd said that he was only able to get off one shot, then his Colt .45 revolver jammed.

“Then there were two or three more fellows ran in the front door with guns. I hit Wells on the head with my gun and as I did he fell on the bar. I took Wells’s gun off the bar and put it in my pocket and I then stepped around to where Gary was lying on the floor.

“I noticed that Gary did not have a gun in his hand. I reached under his coat and removed the gun from his holster.”

While Gadd and the cafeman were clinching, police officers, deputies, and detectives swarmed into the cafe. 

Around back, Fred Gary tried to force the door, but found it heavily barred and impossible to move, but was working on it when he heard the shots, seven in all: Three quick ones, then a pause, then two more, then two more. The last shot, he would say, was louder than the others. He went running down the alley, around the corner and to the Donkey Club’s front door. He knocked and detectives let him in. 

“Where’s Bob?” he asked the coroner.

“Bob’s been killed,” Gadd said and pointed to the spot behind the bar where he lay.

He went around the corner and saw his brother. “That is my brother, men,” he said bitterly. “Who shot him?” 

“That man there,” Gadd said, pointing at Wells who was sitting in a chair, bleeding.

“Why did you shoot my brother?” Fred Gary asked.

Gary would later that Wells answered, “I don’t know,” but the detectives on the scene said that the only thing Wells would say after the shooting was that he wanted an attorney, former prosecutor and ex-Congressman Homer Gard, who earlier in the year helped get a directed not guilty verdict for Todd Messner and Raymond “Crane Neck” Nugent, alleged killers of Bob Scheif, former owner of the Donkey Club.

Gary put handcuffs on Wells as Butler County Sheriff Luther Epperson came to the scene. By this time, the café was crowded with dry agents, police officers and detectives, then the police ambulance arrived.

Gadd handed a .38 Colt revolver to the sheriff, saying it was the one used by Wells. The barrel was still warm. There were six empty shells in its chambers. Epperson picked up a loaded .32 automatic that was laying on the counter. 

Sheriff Epperson led a search of the premises. No alcohol was found, neither in the front nor the rear room behind the steel door, but there was a loose floorboard, and under the floorboard was a funnel attached to a hose leading to a drain into the sewer system.

1926 0408

At Alabama Wells’s trial, Warren Gard laid out the defense: Gadd fired the fatal shot, not Wells. 

After Gadd served the warrant and they talked about it for a few minutes, Gard said in his opening statement, “Robert Gary came behind the bar and advanced toward Wells, who was about in the middle of the bar.

“Wells, seeing Gary coming toward him, his hand outstretched, retreated. Robert Gary continued to pursue him, comeing nearly to him with his hands outstretched, armed with a revolver. As Gary advanced to the telephone at the south end of the bar, Wells turned to the sideboard, securing a revolver from a drawer. 

“A shot was fired across the room by Hugh Gadd from a .45 caliber automatic Colt revolver, undoubtedly at Wells, but the shot struck Gary. Gary fell and Gad remained with his revolver drawn.”

Gadd then advanced toward Wells, who had a gun but did not shoot. When Gadd got to where Wells stood, the coroner hit him on the head and Wells fell over a gas stove, unconscious. While he was on the floor, Gadd shot the revolver at Wells’s head, but struck only a glancing blow, but Gadd continued to wave the revolver around threatening to shoot Wells.

At that time, someone came into the door, saying, “Don’t do that! Don’t do that!” to which Gadd replied, “If you come in here, I’ll kill you.”

The defendant took the stand himself and told his side of the story publicly for the first time. 

At the trial, Wells told his side of the story publicly for the first time. He said that prior to November 21, he was being treated at the Veterans Hospital in Dayton for broken blood vessel in his nose, and when he got to the café around four o’clock on November 21, it was his first time there in three weeks. He was tending bar when Gadd and Robert Gary came into the café.

“Gadd was standing across the bar from me and Gary at the north end of the bar. Gadd explained the warrant and I read part of it. The telephone rang and a party asked for a man named Graham. Graham was not there. Again, I picked up the warrant and read it and then someone asked for cigarettes. There was another call on the phone.”

He said he was friendly with the officers and there was no hard feelings on his part. “I told the officers to help themselves and search. And Gary came around the end of the bar and came toward me. Gadd was a little north and east of the bar where I was standing. Gary Came toward me. He was rather tall, with a menacing looking face and he came with his arms outstretched. He got close to me and I retreated. I did not have a gun in my hip pocket. My gun was in a drawer. After Gary came close he said, ‘Come on! I’ll get you!’ Gadd fired point blank and struck Gary. Gadd has his gun in his left hand and he seemed to point it at me. Gary was very close to me.”

“Did you see Gadd shoot?” Gard asked.

“I did,” he said. “Then Gary seemed to leap into the air and fall backward. I reached in a drawer and got my gun and started firing at Gadd. I was fearful of Gadd. We exchanged shots. I don’t know how many I fired or how many Gadd fired, but we both kept going north and we met at the end of the bar. Gadd grabbed me and started beating me over the head. I was knocked out and fell into a corner, but before I lost consciousness Gadd fired at me, the bullet striking me in the back of the head.”

During cross examination, Boli asked him if he was selling whiskey the night of the shooting.

“No.”

“You never sold any?”

“Oh, yes, I have sold whiskey.”

“Did you sell it in the back room?”

“No. I was selling whiskey out in front and had it under the bar.”

He told the court that he had stopped selling whiskey after his arrest on August 22 by Seven Mile officers, including Fred Gary. He was fined $500 for the incident and still owed $100 to Squire Shuler. He denied that he told Fred Gary that he would get even with him.

The star witness for the defense was a 33-year-old horse trader named Joe Jacobs. Around Hamilton, Jacobs was known as “Turkey Joe,” a nickname he picked up after an incident in which he led the hijacking of what he thought was a load of moonshine, but ended up just being a load of turkeys on the way to market.

Despite Gadd’s claim that everyone had fled the bar when he produced the warrant, Jacobs testified that he was standing at the bar talking to Wells when the officers came in, and that Gadd was standing behind him and to the north of him. He didn’t see Gadd fire the shot, but the shot came from his direction and he saw Gary fall to the floor. When he turned around, he saw the gun in Gadd’s hand.

“I was about the middle of the bar. One fellow, supposed to be Gary, was walking behind the bar and Gadd backed away from the bar. Gary walked up toward Wells with his hands out. I heard a pistol fired behind me. I could feel it. It almost shot me. Gary threw up his hands and fell back. I became frightened and thought I had better get out or I might get shot. Gadd walked up towards the bar, toward the end of the bar. As I was going out I heard four or five more shots. I walked to the front door and stood in the door. There was a tussle between Gadd and someone else whom I could not see and Gadd was hitting someone on the head with a gun. Gadd said, ‘Ill kill you.’ I don’t know who he was talking to. Gadd backed away and shot, saying ‘I’ll kill you.’”

Jacobs said there was a voice from outside saying, “Don’t you dare! Don’t you dare!’ and Gadd said, “I’ll kill anyone who comes in.” 

“The witness said he became frightened and left the café, looking back to see Gadd striking someone behind the bar. Gadd also… made the remark “I’ll kill you,” and stepped back from the man he was beating and fired another shot.

“Did you see him fire the shot?” Boli asked.

“Not exactly,” Jacobs said, “but his gun was smoking. After the shot was fired, Gadd stood there trembling.” 

He did not see Wells with a gun and saw no gun in Gary’s hand.

Jacobs admitted to having pleaded guilty to larceny in Greenville in 1918 to get a suspended sentence, and that he had been arrest by Monroe officer for having whiskey in his home. He said he trained horses in the summer and did not work in the winter, and has been doing that for 10 years.

“Do you operated a place on Wood Street?” Boli asked.

“No.”

“You’re running Lottie Hawley’s place, aren’t you?” Boli asked.

“No, sir.”

“Have you been living there? Why do you spend most of your time down there?”

“I’ve been trying to rent the place. I tried to rent Farley’s place several times.”

John Evans, thirty-one years old, testified that he was standing outside the Donkey Club and looking in the window when Robert Gary walked behind the café bar toward Wells. He said he was not drinking whiskey but had come there looking for his brother, Charles.

“Looking through the window, I saw Gadd step back a little and go down with both hands into his clothing. He came up with an automatic pistol. There was a report. I saw a flash from the gun. It looked like he pointed it in Wells’ direction. Then I left the place and walked east on Court Street, North on Fourth and West on High Street to a restaurant.

“They seemed to be having an argument,” he said. “Gadd reached down and there was a report. It looked like the gun was pointed in the direction of Wells.”

Evans said it looked as if Gadd was going to get two guns and had trouble getting his gun out.

During cross examination, Boli asked him if he was known as “Happy Evans”.

“You were in trouble in 1918 and served time in the penitentiary for burglary and larceny, didn’t you?”

“Yes, sir,” he said, also admitting that he had been arrested for disorderly conduct and was a regular patron of the Donkey Club when Schief owned it, but not since.

Evans said he left at that and did not see Gary fall.

The defense’s only witnesses who say they saw the actual shot were Joe Jacobs and John Evans, whose testimony was suspect because of their dubious characters.

Assistant prosecutor H.H. Haines said, “It seemed strange that of all the men around here, the defense could only get the two criminals to come in and say they saw the shot. Why would Gadd want to shoot? There was no indication of danger. They said he was nervous. Who said it? Those sweet-scented cherubs Joe Jacobs and John Evans. They didn’t get them from the sidewalk. They came from the gutter.

“Wells is a criminal in a criminal business and was pursued by officers of the law, like all men of his type. Ten minutes before the murder he had sold this vile liquor to three boys.

Boli also attacked Joe Jacobs: “If you believe a man like Joe Jacobs, there is no need for further argument. I venture to stay that for $50 I can get the like of Joe Jacobs to swear that I was in St. Louis yesterday. A man who did a day’s work ten years ago and who does not have to work during the winter--I’m surprised there weren’t more Joe Jacobs in this trial.”

The prosecutor then closed his argument with a statement that would resound in Hamilton for the next century and beyond: “Let your verdict show that law and order must prevail in this community. Don’t tell the world that Hamilton is a Little Chicago, a breeding place for murder, robbery, pillage and the stick-up man.”

Warren Gard--former prosecutor, judge and Congressman--reminded the jury that the burden of proof was on the state, not the defense. He said, “We are not compelled to show that Gadd fired the shot that killed Gary. It is the duty of the state to show Wells guilty.”

Gard claimed that the .45 caliber bullet found under the floor was part of the defense evidence in that it proved the testimony that Gadd had shot at Wells while he was on the floor in the northwest corner of the room.

“There is only one man who said that Wells fired the shot that killed Gary,” Gard said. “And that was Hugh Gadd.”

Gard demonstrated what he termed the impossibility for Wells to fire the shot from the position he was in and inflict the wounds which caused Gary’s death. “You cannot shoot a bullet around a corner.”

“It is not the contention of the defense that Gadd shot Gary for the purpose of killing him, but it is our contention that he fired at Wells and the bullet struck Gary.”

xxx

On April 1, 1926, a jury of eight women and four men took seven hours to acquit Wells of the charge of murder.

At 9:50 o’clock, nearly three hours after the jury had returned from supper, George Oberfell, the court bailiff, was notified that a verdict had been reached. Wells was brought from the county jail and attorneys for the state and the defense were called to the courtroom.

When the doors of the room were opened, more than 30 people who had kept watch in the corridors of the courthouse filed into the spectator’s section of the room. Jurors were asked by deputy clerk William Hunter if a verdict had been reached and the roll of jurors called.

Before the verdict was read by Hunter, Judge Walter Harlan warned Spectators that there would be no demonstration of any kind when the verdict was read. The signed verdict was received from Walter Houck, foreman of the jury, and read by Deputy Hunter. Not a sound was heard in the courtroom other than the voice of the Deputy Clerk and for a moment after the reading of the jury's finding and after the jurors had answered “it is” to the question of whether or not it was their verdict, not a person moved. 

Jurors were told by Judge Harlan that they had been called to sit in this case only and that their services would no longer be required. 

It was then that the jurors stepped from the jury box to where Wells was seated nearby, and in turn practically every member of the jury shook hands with the man who had been acquitted. 

A few of the jurors lingered about Wells, speaking of their confidence in him and advising him to give up his former Associates and live a life beyond reproach. Wells in turn thanked the jurors and went from the courtroom to the office of Sheriff Epperson where arrangements were made for him to leave the courthouse a free man. 

When asked if he had anything to say, Wells answered only that he desired to speak appreciation for the interest people have taken in his case and for the things that have been done for him.

When the verdict was received in the courtroom Wells’s attorneys, Warren Gard and JB Connaughton, were with them and H.H. Haynes, assistant prosecuting attorney, represented the state. 

It was rumored at the close of the trial that the first ballot taken by the jurors after they retired to deliberate stood seven to five acquittal. Other ballots followed and the vote is said to have changed to eight to four, nine to three, ten to two and and finally twelve for acquittal. 

The slaying of Prohibition agent Robert Gary quickly caught the attention of state officials who swept into the city 24 hours later to begin a series of raids that left many of the Hamilton’s cafes in wreckage.

“There are more barred and steel doors in cafes in Hamilton than in any city of its size in the state,” said Samuel A. Probst, deputy state prohibition commissioner when he arrived in Hamilton to launch a drive to have such doors taken from cafes, either by persuasion or force.

As Probst and his men gathered with Morris Shuler’s Seven Mile agents to begin the raids, he said if anyone initiated gun play, they had orders to shoot to kill.

State officers found their first steel door at the Crystal Café at Central Avenue and Walnut Street. State agent Arnold Skinner said that when officers arrived at the Crystal they saw several men leaving, locking the front door behind them. Police broke down the front and used a heavy iron bar to force open a steel-lined door at the back. There was no liquor, but Skinner said he believed there had been liquor there.

At the Dunlap Café, 338 Court Street, a few doors from where Gary was shot to death, state men are said to have been resisted by George “Fat” Wrassman, proprietor. Wrassman, standing over six feet, four inches and over three hundred pounds, was a known tough. He’d been acquitted on a robbery charge in Middletown and held there on an Indiana indictment of unlawful possession of dynamite, but released when no Hoosier officers came to pick him up.

There were eleven men in the raid, and Skinner was the first to go in the front door, only to find himself looking down the foot-long muzzle of the revolver in the equally large hands of George “Fat” Wrassman.

Skinner kept his head and did not pull his revolver, but ordered Wrassman to put his down. Surprisingly, the big man did.

Skinner picked up the heavy gun.

“I’ll have to handcuff you,” Skinner said.

“There aren’t enough men here to do that,” Wrassman said. 

That started a free-for-all fight, Wrassman tossing dry agents like flies, his giant fists protected by brass knuckles when they tried to handcuff him. With Wrassman shouting curses in every direction, the prohibition men finally wrestled him to the ground after several sharp blows to the head softened his resolve, but Fat continued to curse the officials even as he lay flat on his huge stomach with the handcuffs behind his back.

The back door in the Dunlap Café, lined with one-half-inch steel, proved to be was tougher to break down than the Crytal’s. Police eventually gave up on battering it down to get into the back room and went through the partition wall instead. The room was empty, but there was evidence that liquor had been dumped and an unknown number of men made a get-away. Wrassman continued to curse the whole time they trashed the place.

Police arrested Wrassman on four charges--carrying a gun, currying metal knucks, pointing a firearm and assault--and placed him in the county jail.

He was fined $40 for that melee.

No liquor was found in any of the cafes they raided. 

Probst assured Butler County Sheriff Epperson and Hamilton Chief of Police Frank Clements that he realized what they were up against and promised all possible aid by state officers. “You have some tough characters to deal with here,” he said. 

For all of his glad-handing while he was in town, Deputy Prohibition Commission Probst had a quite harsher tone when he got back to Columbus on Monday, laying the blame for Gary’s murder on the door of Hamilton police, saying the inefficiency of the department “has resulted in a reign of terror in Hamilton with bootleggers holding sway.” 

“Bootleggers in Hamilton are in open rebellion against the law and will resort to murder to carry out their trade,” he scolded, then promised “There will be no let-up until Hamilton has been cleaned-up.”

Mayor Howard Kelly said he was all in favor of shutting down the liquor trade in Hamilton, but he couldn’t do it on the resources he had available.

“When the prohibition law became effective, it added 75 percent more duties on the police department,” he said. “With the present force we have been unable to meet the situation. At times I have had to be satisfied with a house crew of nine men and until the time that revenue from taxes will permit an increase in the force, we shall continue to have a force inadequate to cope with the situation. I have revoked licenses without effect. I have closed places without effect. I have asked for state aid without effect and now I am asking for padlock proceedings.”

He pointed out Fat Wrassman’s Dunlap Café as a prime example. The man had never been issued a license, but opened up his shop with its iron doors anyway.

Wrassman was linked to Cincinnati bootlegger George Remus and was suspected in a litany of crimes all over Southwest Ohio. Before his story would end, he would have two murder acquittals on his record and never convicted of anything other than liquor violations. 

“Out of all his escapades ‘Fat’ emerged unhurt physically and with a whole skin as far as conviction was concerned,” wrote the Evening Journal.

Other than Skinner, Wrassman’s chief nemesis was Joe “Dutch” Schaefer, a detective working for the Hamilton County prosecutor’s office, who was constantly on his trail. Wrassman was frequently heard to boat, “I’ll wipe out that dirty Dutch bastard.” When Schaefer heard of this, he said he accepted the challenge.

Wrassman had been a railroad man like his father, who used to take him on runs from Hamilton to Indianapolis. He had “a smile as expansive as his mountainous bulk,” the Evening Journal said, “with a smile, a joke and a back-slap for all he met.” He moved to Hamilton in 1918, when there were still local option laws. Indianapolis was dry; Hamilton wet. When he’d go from Hamilton to Indianapolis, he started carrying quarts of whiskey with him to sell to his friends.

When prohibition hit, Fat quit the greasy, back-bending railroad job and went all in with the liquor racket. It didn’t take long for the law to catch on. Wrassman and his wife lived in a modest bungalow on Hudson Avenue, where she kept a neat house and he kept a 100-gallon still in the basement. When police raided the house in March 1923, it took trucks to haul it and 75 gallons of high-quality moonshine away. “Biggest and best seized to date,” police bragged as they hauled Fat off to jail. Wrassman moved his family to Ross Avenue, and when police raided that house later in the same year, they commented that his new still was even bigger than the first.

His craft included the transporting of good “red liquor” as well as making his own moonshine and at some point he added the art of the yegg (safecracker) to his repertoire. He was found not guilty of robbing the H.A. Glenn store in Middletown in March, 1925, and was suspected in a Connorsville, Indiana, heist that June, but had an alibi. Wrassman was also the primary suspect in the robbery of the Butler County Courthouse in January, 1926. 

After the showdown with Skinner, Wrassman moved further south to Cincinnati. Though he steered clear of Hamilton for much of 1926 and 1927, he was occasionally seen at the Hotel Lee and at a café on South Fifth Street, and always had three men with him as bodyguards. His merrymaking trips to Hamilton often ended up in brawls and sluggings. 

Wrassman was credited with the June, 1927 shooting of Glenn Hiatt, alias Harrington, and Jack Parker at the Superior Fishing Camp, and was linked up with the slaying of Thomas Concannon, July 6, 1927, at the Five Mile House, Rapid Run Pike, a “good beer” joint on Race Street. 

Toward the end of May, 1929, Wrassman and one of his men came to Hamilton to party at the Hotel Lee, but the soiree broke up when a Dayton man took a bullet in the shoulder and his pal ended up in Hamilton police headquarters. Wrassman and his entourage slipped away, but the heat was great, so he turned himself in a few days later. The Dayton men would not talk, forfeiting $100 bonds by failing to appear at a hearing and Wrassman walked out of municipal court a free man.

***

Schaefer wanted Wrassman for several shootings at fishing camps and had been trailing him closely. The detective was returning to Cincinnati at 12:30 a.m. Tuesday, June 11, 1929, after a late-night trip to a Newport fishing camp along the Licking River when he spotted Wrassman’s automobile, a brown sedan, parked on Opera Place between Race and Elm, now the site of Cincinnati’s convention center.

Dutch called police headquarters for back-up, Captain of Detectives Walter Fricke, and they searched the car but did not find anything except a few steel saw blades and other tools of the yegg--but no guns, so they knew the big man would be armed.

Then Schaefer saw two men on the south side of the street, leaving the Canton Chop Suey House, about 100 feet away. Wrassman was carrying food in his left hand. Schaefer stood in the shadows with his hat pulled down on his forehead, but Wrassman recognized him anyway and shouted, “I’m going to kill you, you dirty bastard!”

Wrassman walked toward Schaefer and Schaefer walked toward Wrassman in a classic showdown stance, Fricke standing nearby, watching closely should Wrassman pull his gun. But he did not draw his weapon. He was already holding it in his right hand. When they were about 35 feet apart, Wrassman began shooting. He fired twice before Schafer sprang into action, and his revolver barked five times as Fat continued to hurl lead. The men walked boldly toward each other as they shot. Fricke called it “the most remarkable show of courage I ever hope to witness.” When they were but 10 feet apart, Wrassman crumbled to the sidewalk, falling on his gigantic stomach. All five bullets hit the prodigious mark, but all six of Wrassman’s shots missed.

“You got me at last, Dutch,” he murmured as he turned his head toward Schaefer.

“I’m sorry, Fat,” Schaefer said as he holstered his revolver and took Wrassman’s, noting that they both carried the same type of pistol. “It was you or me.”

There was a tense moment as a half-dozen or more men, thought to be members of Wrassman’s gang, gathered anxiously around the scene of the shooting, trigger fingers itching. Fricke worried that there might be more trouble if these fellows decided to take out their revenge right away, but they began to disperse as more police arrived.

His death marked the end of a bitter rivalry between the gangster and the detective. 

Schaefer accompanied Wrassman’s body to General Hospital, and an hour later got a phone call there. “You,” said a mysterious voice. “You’re marked.”

Undertakers created a specially-made, extra-large casket to accommodate Wrassman’s enormous frame. It took eleven pall bearers to get the huge casket in and out of his modest home on Evanston Avenue, where more than 250 people mingled in the yard while the family of George Wrassman held private funeral services inside. 

Even though they weren’t officially posted as guards, there were several Cincinnati police detectives in the crowd. Hamilton Chief of Police John C. Calhoun forbade any Hamilton police to go there. The police presence caused a fair amount of tension, and reporters on the scene said there was an expectation that “anything could happen,” though nothing did.

Lyman Williams’s heroics in the Yerigan rampage, however, did not give him free reign to continue his liquor interests.

In the fall of 1927, Judge Clarence Murphy ordered the Lyman Williams café Place to be padlocked. It was one of ten cafes named in the suit filed by Butler County Prosecutor P.P. Boli as “nuisances”, stating that more than two liquor law convictions were reported against each.

Williams, apparently undeterred, posted a $1,500 bond on the promise that it would not be used for the illegal possession, sale or use of liquor for one year, then pursued other interests. He purchased an interest in the Grand Hotel from the estate of former Butler County Sheriff Rudy Laubach and was allegedly a silent partner in a café at 117 Court Street, an operation that would soon cause his downfall, and was implicated in the operation of a 200-gallon still.

The latter incident came about in April, 1927, when Lyman Williams and Miss Zanna Case, 775 Fairview Avenue, were arrested for having 23 gallons of moonshine in the car. Zanna Case, formerly known as Ruth Johnson, was 33 years old, a widow and a beautician by trade.

At a preliminary hearing, both entered pleas of not guilty and Case told the Federal Liquor Commissioner in Cincinnati that Lyman Williams did not know the liquor was in the car and knew nothing about it. The Commissioner dismissed Williams and held the woman to the federal grand jury. She was eventually found guilty and fined $300.

The arrest and conviction apparently alerted Prohibition officials to bigger doings at work in the bootlegging underground.

At either 10 a.m. or noon January 12, 1929, Hamilton police Chief of Detectives Otto Kolodzik and two other officers knocked on the door of a house at 2004 Dixie Highway, conducting an investigation into by-passes around gas and water meters. Zanna Case answered. 

“They asked how big a plant was in operation there,” according to the Journal, “and she invited them to the second floor.”

The operation took up three rooms. Police confiscated 34 barrels of mash, several hundred pounds of sugar, and other supplies, a 200-gallon or a 250-gallon still, either twenty-five and fifty gallons of finished moonshine “ready for flavoring”, and an unstated quantity of Canadian beer. 

“Raiders said the liquor is the same that has been found in bottles bearing fancy labels, Scotch and bourbon, and peddled for $5 a pint,” one paper reported. Another said that it had been passed off as “good Canadian liquor.”

“The still was one of the most complete outfits to be seized by police in the annals of police history,” the Daily News said. “The still was going full blast” when the officers arrived. They believed it was owned by “a prominent Hamilton bootlegger.”

Three officers dismantled the still, took it outside and put an axe to it.

Mrs. Case would neither deny nor affirm ownership of the property and as a result, charges were placed against her for possession and manufacturing of alcohol, possession of implements designed for the manufacture of alcohol, possession of by-passes through the gas and water meters, and disorderly conduct.

Late that night, Hamilton’s Chief of Detectives Otto Kolodzik received seven telephone calls between 1:30 and 4 a.m., arousing him from his sleep. He thought he recognized the voice of Lyman Williams.

“Each time, he was made the butt of insulting remarks and each time he was warned that the gang would get him,” the papers said, that he would be “taken for a ride.” 

Kolodzik had his wife answer a call while he listened in.

“No, Mr. Williams, my husband has gone to headquarters,” she said.

“How do you know this is Williams?” the caller asked.

She hung up the phone and the calls ceased.

The next day, a Saturday, Kolodzik and three officers raided the café at 117 Court Street and arrested John Dinwiddie, 28. They seized a slot machine and punchboards and a cash register containing $700. In the register, they found a list of names, supposedly customers who had charge accounts. “Small amounts” of whiskey and beer were seized. Dunwoodie said they were his.

The following Tuesday, Kolodzik and two officers returned to the café. They knocked at the locked rear door and someone peered from the peep hole and said he was going to get a key. Believing this to be a stall, police kicked in the door. 

Mel Auraden, owner of a café on Heaton Street, and Lyman Williams were in the place when it was raided. It was believed that Auraden and Williams were partners in the Court Street establishment.

They found nothing on the first floor, but six dozen bottles of beer on the second floor. Police asked Auraden and Williams if the beer was theirs. They said no, that Dinwiddie would again take the rap. 

Zana Case pleaded guilty to four of the five charges, one charge dropped, and fined $1,200. Police believed that she, too, was taking the rap for Lyman Williams.

***

A few months later, on Monday, April 8, Hamilton police raided four different cafes, arrested three men and seized a small amount of moonshine, but the raid on the Court Street café operated by Lyman Williams turned out to be “a water haul.”

After raiding the Court Street establishment, still looking for liquor, police seized what appeared to be an abandoned automobile without license plates in a parking lot near the café and towed it to police headquarters.

Dry squad officers Rudolph Kolodzik and Oscar Decker rode in the confiscated car four square through a bumpy alley and over car rails, not wise to the fact that 24 caps and 100 feet of fuse were playing a tattoo upon the motor.

When they got the car back to headquarters, they began their searching for a “liquor Plant,” police lifted the hood of the dilapidated sedan, found a safe blower’s “arsenal” in a gunnysack resting on top of a cold motor.

The caps, each of which explodes with a 60 pound pressure, and the fuse were discovered by patrolman Urban Leugers who made a minute inspection of the car. A small tin box which contained the caps, carried the warning—explosive—danger, do not jar—handle carefully—keep away from heat—keep in dry place.”

Ownership of the sedan, a wreck and entirely out of running order, was traced to Lyman Williams.

“Our opinion,” said Chief of Police John C. Calhoun, “is that the caps and fuse belong to a gang of yeggs, probably from Cincinnati. It is sort of a mystery how they came to be placed in the sedan. I do not believe the owner of the car knew the caps and fuse were there.”

The license plates of the car were found a month later on the stolen green Nash sedan in which Turkey Joe Jacobs was machine gunned along River Road near Symmes Corner. Jacobs, police allege, was a doorman for Williams and Auraden at the Court Street café.

Late in the evening of May 3, 1927, two men, one from Canada and one from Michigan, came to the Hamilton Police Chief Otto Kolodzik with an unusual request: They wanted help in tracking down some bandits they believed were in Hamilton. Earlier that day, the two men had left Toledo with $400 in cash, a Ford truck filled with 166 cases of Canadian beer, and a Ford roadster loaded down with 60 cases of Canadian whiskey. They were headed south to Cincinnati.

When they were just past Greenville, four men in a Hudson brougham forced the truck off the road. Shots were fired, but the driver escaped unharmed. One of the men from the Hudson got in the driver’s seat and took off with the truck, the beer, and the $400. The driver of the roadster, seeing this activity in his rearview mirror, at first pulled over, but once he figured out what was going on, he tried to speed away. The Hudson soon caught up with him and amid a hail of gunfire, the driver pulled over into the yard of a farm and hit the ground running, the bullets spattering the lawn around him as he sought safety in the farmhouse.

The Hudson, the load of beer, and the whiskey continued the journey south. The two drivers met up on the road and hoofed it back to Greenville. They had managed to get the license plate number of the car, and the Greenville police told them that it was registered to Robert Kolker of Hamilton. The drivers fully admitted that they were rum runners, but they wanted the Hamilton police to help them recover their vehicles and cash.

Chief Kolodzik had a tip, so with a posse of a half-dozen detectives, deputies, and liquor agents, he set up an ambush in Coke Otto and waited until 5 a.m. Wednesday morning. It turned out to be a wasted effort. The posse spread out to search for the three vehicles, and a few hours later, they found the roadster and truck, shed of the cargo, parked on Maple Avenue. At 4 p.m. that afternoon, Sheriff Bert Wagner of Darke County showed up with an arrest warrant for three Hamilton men: Kolker, 29, Jack Parker, 28, and Glenn Harrington, 25, whose real name was Hiatt, but he was trying to avoid being located by an ex-wife in Michigan. Police knew Kolker and Parker to be close, both with prior records not only of bootlegging but also armed robbery, safe cracking, and gambling. Parker owned the cafe operated by Olney Wells on Court Street where Bob Gary had been killed in a raid. Again acting on a tip, Kolodzik and two detectives drove around town and spotted the Hudson brougham with five men inside, including the three named in the warrant. Kolker, Parker, and Harrington (Hiatt) were arrested and turned over to the Greene County authorities.

Although the trio didn’t speak, police in Hamilton and Cincinnati believed that the hijacking was in retaliation for an earlier hijacking, and that some kind of rift had opened among the Hamilton bootleggers, that a war between rival factions was beginning to heat up.

And heat up it did.

Kolker, Parker, and Hiatt made bond in Greenville and returned to Hamilton. A couple of weeks later, Parker and Hiatt took their wives to the Superior Fishing Club along the Little Miami River for a day of relaxation, but it may have been something of a gangster’s picnic. These “fishing clubs” were quite popular along area rivers during Prohibition. Tucked away deep in the woods far from the prying eyes of city police, many of them had bars where they could legally serve “near beer” as a front for whatever other activities might go on. Kolker had a previous engagement that Sunday, June 5, or else he and his wife would have been there, too.

There were about 25 other people there that afternoon, and copious amounts of near beer and who knows what else consumed. Jack Parker was reportedly very drunk, and after the two couples had dinner on their own, his wife came down with a headache and went to the car to lie down. Parker and Kolker were at the bar, and witnesses later said that Parker went around asking for a $10 loan. Exiled Hamilton bootlegger and moonshiner George “Fat” Wrassman, then making Evanston his home, reportedly said to him, “I don’t have $10, but if I did, I wouldn’t give it to you.”

Parker turned on him. “If you think you’re a better man, let’s step outside,” he slurred.

Wrassman did not step outside. He calmly pulled a revolver from his jacket and shot Parker in the knee, breaking his kneecap in two and shattering the bone behind. Enraged, Hiatt either pulled his own weapon or took one from Parker (accounts vary) and shouted, “Who did that?” and waved his gun around the crowd in a circle. “I’m going to get the guy who shot my pal!” At the coroner’s inquest, twenty-three people who had been in the bar testified, but no one could say for certain who fired the shot that killed Glenn Hiatt. Parker didn’t remember, but somehow, a struggle ensued and more shots were fired. Hiatt took a bullet in his right side and the crowd dispersed immediately.

The Hiatts and the Parkers hopped into the Parkers’ car with plans to go back to Hamilton to Mercy Hospital to have their wounds tended to. It’s not clear who was driving the car, but it ended up in a ditch. Some men stopped to help extricate it, but having no luck, a nephew of the man who ran the camp took Kolker in his car, and dumped him at a doctor’s office in Montgomery, where he died shortly after.

Jack Parker and the two women went to Mercy Hospital, thinking that was where the nephew had taken Hiatt, but he wasn’t there, so the two women left Jack at the hospital to be treated for a shattered kneecap and went to a Cincinnati General Hospital. They asked around, and found that Hiatt was at rest in the Hamilton County morgue.

Police expected Fat Wrassman to turn himself in, believing that he would believe he would be safer in police custody than on the streets, but he did not. Hamilton County Prosecutor Robert Taft said he believed fear of Wrassman was responsible for the rampant lapse of memory among the witnesses and was convinced of connections between this case and the murder of bootlegger Harry Sollick in Cincinnati two months previous, which resulted in a warrant for Raymond “Crane Neck” Nugent, who was known to be one of Wrassman’s trigger men.

Without an indictment, it seemed the case would blow over until someone would come forward. But three weeks later, Wrassman was wanted again, implicated in a shooting at a speakeasy on Race Street in Cincinnati when a bootlegger named Ed Concannon was killed. Wrassman played a bit of cat and mouse with the prosecutor, but when his $3,500 bond was forfeited, he gave himself up and stood trial. It only took the jury ninety minutes to vote for acquittal, even though Taft’s star eyewitness was a bank director and former state senator. Wrassman’s attorney, Charles H. Elston, would soon help Cincinnati’s bootleg kingpin George Remus cop a temporary insanity plea in the murder of his wife.

***

On Sunday evening, June 5th 1927, an unidentified man brought a body to the office of Dr. J. O. Blackerby, Montgomery. The man said he picked the body up in Miamiville. No other details were given by the man, who left doctor Blackerby's office immediately after placing the injured man in the Physicians Care .

Two man laid the body on the floor of the office. It was shot through the long. He died a few minutes after being left there. 

One of the men was later identified as Charles Mitts of Connorsville, Indiana.

Mitts is a brother-in-law of Taylor, the man who ran the camp, and was working that day. He was about 300 feet away from the bar when the shots were fired, he said, and ran back to learn what it happened. Taylor at once decided he better go home,  only to come upon Parker's auto, stalled in a ditch. 

He was in his machine trying to pull it out with both Parker and Hyatt were in it. Someone suggested that he take Hyatt to a doctor, and the man was placed in his machine and he drove to Montgomery and to the office of Dr. Blackerby. The doctor had his patient in his office at the time,  he was alone Mets declared, a man came out of the office and help them take Hyatt in And lay him on the floor. He said he left at once, as he thought the other machine was following him, and he did not know who hired or anything about the shooting. Betts said that no one at the camp was drunk.

Mitts's story a was contradicted by that of Doctor Blackerby and by Henry Weisel, 1638 Western Avenue, who was in the doctor's office at the time. They declare that Mitts told them that the injured man had been hurt in an automobile accident, and when he started to leave the office and was asked where he was going he said he wanted to get his hat. 

But he jumped into his machine and speed away, Weisel declared. 

The only identification marks on the slain man we're tattoo inscriptions on the right arm what's the initials G. C. H.- Helen Nolan - true love.

An automobile key, a truck key, and the door key were the only things found in his clothing. The victim was about 5 ft 11 in tall, weighed about 185 lb, had dark hair, had dark brown hair and mustache. It was wearing a light gray suit and was of neat appearance Curry

Glenn Hiatt had been going by the name of Harrington to avoid being found by his ex-wife.

On Sunday, June 5, 1927, many of the key figures in the local bootlegging and hijacking game were together at a cook-out at the Superior Fishing Camp along the Little Miami River.

Bernice Hiatt: “Sunday my husband and I and Jack Parker and his wife Mary went to the camp in Parker’s machine. The men played ball with the others there in the afternoon and then we had dinner. There were about 25 others there, but I did not know any of them. Just before the shooting, Mrs. Parker was asleep in the automobile, she having felt ill, and I was standing at the end of the bar with the others when Glenns aid he was going to the other end of the bar to get some cigarettes.

“There was no argument; I didn’t hear a word before the shot was fired. WHen the shot was fired I ran to the machine and woke up Mary Parker and they brought my husband and Parker to the machine. Parker said he was stooping down over my husband when someone shot him, the bullet passing through his right leg at the knee.

“We started to leave in Parker’s machine, but it went into a ditch, and then some men in another machine came along and they said they would take my husband with them. They put him in that machine and started off.

“We supposed they were going to take him to the hospital at Hamilton. Another couple offered to take me there in their car and I went with them. We went to the hospital but they did not show up there, and then we came to Cincinnati and went to the General Hospital. We saw a policeman there and told him what we were looking for and asked if any wounded man  had been brought in. He advised me to go back home and wait until I heard something of where they had taken my husband. I then called up the police department and was told there was no report of anyone being brought into the city wounded. They did not ask my name.

“I did not see who shot my husband, and I do not know who did. There was a big man and a small man standing beside the end of the bar when he went there. The big man weighed more than 250 pounds, I would think, and the other man probably weighed 170 pounds. The big man was dressed in a dark suit and a straw hat. He also wore shellrimmed glasses. I would know him again if I saw him, as he was playing ball with the others during the afternoon. The other man wore a light suit. I did not see much of what happened for I was not looking at my husband at the time, and I ran to the machine as soon as the shot was fired. I did not see anyone with a gun.”

When taken to the morgue to identify her husband's body she broke down completely, and had to be assisted back to the coroner's office. She expressed great concern for the blow her husband's death will be to his parents, who, she stated, Zanesville, Ohio. 

Mrs. Hyatt was permitted to return to Hamilton what's mrs. kolker, after she had promised that she would come here to testify at the inquest. Mrs. Coulter said that she and her husband had not gone to the camp with the other couples on Sunday for the reason that they had arranged to visit relatives at Middletown instead.

Long before Mrs. Hyatt had sent the word which identified the dead man as her husband, deputy sheriff's August Beckman and Herman Klein have discovered the place where the murder was committed. This resulted through a telephone number found in the effects on hiatt's body, which proved to be the number of the Superior fishing club, and with County detective Shafer, they had started an investigation which is expected to lead to the arrest of the man who killed Hyatt and shot Parker.

They also learn that the story told by mrs. Hyatt, that she and her husband and Parker and his wife went to the camp alone, was true. The two couples kept to themselves at the camp except that the man played ball with the others for a while. Babe dinner by the house and drink home brew beer at the bar, but made no attempt to mix in with any of the other crowd. These facts, coupled with the further information that the party which had picnicked at the place during the afternoon at all left for home before the shooting occurred, please officers to the theory that the killing was a Bootleggers Feud entirely.

What's a murder of Hyatt the murders of Harold h Fitch and Harry solic, both known Bootleggers. We're recalled. Such, it is charged, was riddled with bullets at a garage in Reading Ohio, and his body then taken to a lonely spot on Cooper Avenue where it was left by the roadside early on the morning of March 19th. For this murder Harold Nason, Alias Nate Blum, Detroit Michigan, were indicted on a first-degree charge, but both were released on five $5,000 Bond each, and nothing has been done with their case yet.

Sollick was shot and killed bedroom on West 2nd Street and his body taken in an automobile to front and Harriet streets, where was dumped in the gutter on February 2nd. A sealed indictment was returned in this case, but no one has been arrested. This also was declared to have been a fight between Bootleggers who had fallen out. Which was alleged to have been a hijacker.

Detective Schaefer and deputy sheriff Klein return from Hamilton empty-handed, as Parker, whom they sought to have a beer before Corner swing, was too badly wounded to be moved. This is the second time that he received a bullet in his name the former bullet tearing away part of the kneecap. 

In spite of the fact that mrs. Hyatt said that she was standing at one end of the bar drinking near beer with Parker when her husband went to the other end to get some cigarettes and was shot, and despite the fact that she had declared Parker inform her he was leaning over Hyatt when he receive the bullet in his bag, Parker denied to the officers that he was close enough to see anything he declared that he did not know anything was wrong until he heard the two shots and received a bullet in his leg.

However the officers have information proving that there was an altercation before the shooting and that's more than the two shots were fired.

The bullet entered on the left side, pass through the left lung, then through the spinal column after which just went through the right long and passed out the right side of the body. 

Search for a fat man weighing close to 300 lb, and a companion, was estimated to weigh approximately 175 pounds, was because yesterday my deputy sheriff's Herman Decline and August Jo Beckman and County detective Shafer the question them regarding the murder of Glenn Hyatt 216 South 3rd Street oh, at the Superior fishing club camp. It was learned that the fat man left Hamilton Monday and has not been seen since, while the whereabouts of his smaller companion also has not been learned.

The suspect is said by police to have been ordered out of Hamilton two years ago. He is said to have made a hasty Retreat from the camp after the shooting and has not been seen by detectives are friends of the police department sense.

Joe Schaefer, Hamilton County detective, predicted the man will be arrested as soon as any disguise he may assume will not be difficult to penetrate. Real paragraph Schaefer also believes Fat may surrender as he has been told he’s first on the list to be bumped off in the liquor fight said to be waging.

Parents of Hyatt were to arrive and Cincinnati Wednesday afternoon to take charge of the body no funeral arrangements have been made but it is believed the body will be taken to Saginaw Michigan the home of mrs. Hyatt. The body has been in the Hamilton County Morgue since its removal there Sunday night from The Office of Dr. Blackerby. 

***

The next casualty in the Little Chicago gang war came March 5, 1928 at the Garden of Allah, a roadhouse on Springfield Pike just outside of Butler County. Jack Parker, whose entrepreneurship included gambling, was having dinner there with John “Buddy” Ryan, a well-known and promising young boxer from Covington who was also known to consort with the gambling fraternity. Parker, again very drunk, and Ryan got into a persistent argument, apparently over a woman, and three times they took it to the parking lot. The third time, Ryan came back alone, bleeding from a wound in the stomach from a heavy calibre automatic. Parker was seen to hop into a big car with the woman in question and drive off.

Parker was indicted on the lam March 13, and three weeks later was involved in another notable caper. Though not directly related to the gangster wars, the incident at the Pelican Club proved to be a pivotal event in the Little Chicago narrative.

The Pelican Club Cafe was a pool hall, restaurant, and ice cream parlor on Hamilton Avenue in College Hill. Although there is no record of it being a speakeasy, no reported liquor violations, owner William “Peanuts” Warnken did have prior arrests for allowing gambling on premises, and he was present during the early morning hours of Sunday, April 8, 1928, when a gang of six gunman burst in on a hot dice game that was taking place on one of the pool tables. They all wore masks of some sort, a bandana covering their mouth and nose or a small black mask covering their eyes. One wore large, dark sunglasses, who seemed to be the leader of the crew. One man carried two sawed-off shotguns, another man one. The rest brandished pistols.

It was apparently the dice game that had attracted the bandits, but they first went for the safe. One of them put a gun to the cook’s head and demanded he open it. He pleaded that he did not know the combination. Fearing they would open fire, Warnken stepped forward and said he could open it. The safe yielded but five dollars in pennies, so the bandits turned to the twenty men in the cafe, many of whom were crouched and hiding under the tables. The bandits cursed and yelled, poking the men with their shotguns and pistols, getting them to line up along the walls. One man didn’t move fast enough and was paid with a shotgun muzzle to the face, knocking out several teeth.

In the meantime, the village marshal, 53-year-old Hungarian immigrant Peter Dumele, had been on a robbery call in the neighborhood, and seeing the lights on in the Pelican Club, decided to stop in and shoot the breeze, as he sometimes did. Dumele saw all the commotion in the place as the bandits were about half-way through their shake-down, but found the glass front door locked. He tapped on it.

One of the bandits noticed Warnken trying to give Dumele a sign to move on and opened the door, ushering the marshal inside. Dumele laughed, as if he thought it were a put-on when they ordered him to put up his hands. Warnken begged him to obey, but his pleas were cut short. Suddenly realizing the seriousness of the situation, Dumele made a move toward the pistol in his back holster. 

The bandit in the dark glasses shouted, “Give him what’s coming to him, boys!” 

The bandits opened fire. One load of shot tore away Dumele’s right hand and shattered his arm, another hit him square in the chest. A revolver bullet went through his belly sideways. Dumele fell to the ground. The men panicked and the room erupted into chaos. One of them crashed through a large window and dragged the sash behind him down Hamilton Avenue.

The bandits hastily collected their loot. As they filed out the door, one of the victims shouted, “Hey! I know you fellows! You’re from Hamilton!”

“Let him have it!” dark glasses shouted. The last bandit out the door turned around and fired a shotgun into the room. The blast passed within inches of Warnken’s head and then peppered the back of a man huddled in a corner, causing superficial flesh wounds.

Dumele survived a few hours. On his deathbed, he told his wife, “I would not be a coward. If it had to be, I would rather die for the village.”

Detective Joseph “Dutch” Schaefer was put on the case, and soon began making arrests. Although they wore masks, they were easily identified. Witnesses pegged the leader of the gang, the man in the dark glasses who gave the order to fire on Dumele, as Todd Messner, who a few years earlier had been acquitted along with Crane Neck Nugent of the murder of Hamilton Cafe owner Robert Schief. The gang included Breck Lutes of Middletown, Rodney Ford of Cincinnati, and Bob “The Fox” Zwick, of Newport but closely associated with Nugent and Wrassman. The “sixth man” was not indicted for lack of identification, but was only referred to as “a Hamilton man,” suggesting that it may have been Turkey Joe Jacobs.

Jack Parker was part of that gang, too, but he was not indicted, because he was killed before Schaefer could catch up with him. A posse almost had him in Preble County on April 13, but missed him by a few hours, though they did capture a 150-gallon still on the raid and arrested Parker’s pal Kolker for it.

Parker’s bullet-riddled body was found by a man out picking greens on the afternoon of May 16, 1928, in a pool of water at the foot of an embankment 20 feet off a Warren County road near Lebanon. He had been hiding out in a camp near there. Bloodstains in the road suggesting he was shot there and thrown into the ditch. He was shot three times, once in the face and twice in the back. At first it was thought that some of his old pals had taken him “for a ride in the country.” No one was ever arrested or indicted for his murder, but Schaefer would later express the belief that it was the work of Crane Neck Nugent, who was reported to be a special pal to Buddy Ryan, the boxer for whose murder Parker was under indictment.

The body count continued to rise in the Little Chicago gang war, and it was far from over. Soon the violence would return to Hamilton’s neighborhoods with a series of bold assassinations.

Two weeks after Jack Parker’s body was found beside a Lebanon highway and just less than a month after the murder of Marshal Dumele at the Pelican Cafe, Hamilton County detective Joe Schaefer receive a break in the latter case when he took into custody Breck Lutes, a 28-year-old Middletown electrician, from “a disorderly house” in Newport, Kentucky. Three women were arrested at the same time, including one who gave her name as “Mary Hamilton” and turned out to be Jack Parker’s widow.

Schaefer had tracked him to Newport following an incident on May 30, 1928, in which two Cincinnati motorcycle police chased a speeding car containing two men and a woman across the bridge into Covington. One of the men in the car began firing with a revolver over his shoulder at the motorcycle cops, hitting one of them three times in the shoulder and the other once in the foot. They gave up the chase, but one of the officers said he recognized the driver of the car as “Crane Neck” Nugent, who had been acquitted of the murder of Bob Schief in Hamilton. He was reasonably confused, as it was actually Todd Messner, Nugent’s co-defendant in the Schief murder, also acquitted. Investigators traced the car to a rental agency in Covington. Lutes admitted being in the car when it was rented, but said he was not in the car when the motorcycle cops were shot. He wasn’t, but three people identified him as one of the Pelican Cafe bandits. Schaefer let Lutes go, however, hoping that he would lead detectives to the other bandits in the case.

Nearly five months would pass before the first solid arrests in the case, all three tinged with serendipity.

On the afternoon of Sunday, September 30, Hamilton police responded to a disturbance at a fishing camp along the Great Miami River north of town near Woodsdale. Several people had been drinking at the camp, and when some of the party decided to leave, a very drunk and belligerent Toddy Messner shot the tires of their car full of holes. “I’m staying and now so are you,” he told them.

Somehow, the departing partiers managed to call a cab and took the tire into town for repairs. The garage owner tipped off Hamilton police, and a posse of seventeen officers from Hamilton and Middletown set up a stake-out at the entrance to the narrow lane that led to the fishing camp. When Messner, another man, and two women left the camp, police surrounded the car and took them all into custody. The man, a bus driver from Bond Hill, broke down under questioning and gave police the address of the Newport apartment where Messner had been living. There, they found a stash of yegg’s tools and the clothes that would place Messner at the Pelican Cafe the night of Dumele’s murder. Hamilton police turned him over to Hamilton County authorities, and the owner of the Pelican Club identified Messner as the man who directed the other bandits during the raid.

The very next weekend, Detective Schaefer and his partner found Rodney Ford, a 30-year-old Cincinnati man, parked in a car a couple of blocks from his home in the West End. They saw him drop a revolver over the back seat. They took him into custody and witnesses identified him as one of the bandits from the Pelican Club. During his trial, he revealed that he had just dropped off the fugitve Robert Zwick, also known as “The Fox” and “Foxy Bob,” who was also wanted for Dumele’s murder and other crimes, and was on his way to buy some whiskey. It was the first of many narrow escapes for Foxy Bob.

The same day Ford was arrested, Breck Lutes showed up at Mercy Hospital in Hamilton after having been shot in the hip at a fishing camp near Venice. Charles Fiehrer, a Hamilton man who owned the camp, said he was cleaning his gun when it went off and shot his friend. Schaefer and Hamilton police arrested Lutes when he left the hospital three weeks later, and a Hamilton County grand jury indicted Messner, Ford, Lutes, and the absent Zwick on first degree murder charges.

The three prisoners appeared at a preliminary hearing together on November 15 and were granted separate trials. Ford was to be the first to face the jury, but with Zwick on the loose the gangster war raged on even while these three were in custody.

On the night of December 12, the day the Hamilton County court began questioning potential jurors in Ford’s trial, Martin Lewis, who lived on West Miami River Road, just north of Venice but across the river in Hamilton County, saw his barbecue stand about 250 feet from his hillside home consumed in flames. He rushed to the scene and with some of his neighbors watched the small frame building quickly burn to the ground. The stand had been closed for the season and there was nothing flammable inside, but it burned so quickly that Lewis presumed it was arson. Still, he  was shocked when the falling flaming timbers revealed a body lying on the floor.

The coroner discovered a bullet wound in the chest, three knife wounds, and a broken left arm on the charred remains. The body was lying face down. The coroner asserted he had been killed elsewhere and the barbecue stand, just a few yards where the body of another gangster had been discovered a year earlier. A belt buckle and the remaining teeth helped identify the body as that of Robert Andres, a 28-year-old railroad worker who was present at the Pelican Club the night of Dumele’s murder. He was one of the few men present willing to go on the stand to identify the bandits and had testified at Ford’s arraignment. There was no doubt in Schaefer’s mind that this was the reason for his murder, and he laid the crime on Foxy Bob Zwick and Crane Neck Nugent, by now a gangster all-star having been in on the notorious St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. 

Three days later, Nugent and Zwick struck again, by Schaefer’s reckoning. Bob Kolker, who was close to the late Jack Parker, had been drinking at his Parrish Avenue home with a fellow named Kenneth Richardson. At about 4:30 in the morning they both got into Kolker’s car, Richardson driving, to take the latter home on Dixie Highway. In front of Richardson’s house, Kolker got out of the car and was about to take the driver’s seat when the glare of bright headlights blinded him from the rear. A sedan slowly passed near and a man leaned out of a window, firing five shots. Four shots missed, but one caught Kolker in the chest, just below his heart, and lodged in his left lung. He had been picked up several times by the police in connection with Parker’s death, and Schaefer insisted Kolker never talked and said he believed that the gangsters believed that Kolker had been giving “tips.” 

Kolker managed to survive the attack and appeared as a defense witness at Lutes’s trial, offering an alibi, then went into the wind. All three of the captured bandits were convicted in the Dumele murder, Messner and Lutes both receiving life sentences in the Ohio Penitentiary, and Rodney Ford executed July 1929. Foxy Bob Zwick was still on the move, but still spent a good deal of time in Hamilton, and was there on May 19, 1929, when the gangster war began its boldest string of skirmishes.

A Lindenwald street car passed Seventh and Heaton streets about 10:45 p.m. that evening, and in spite of the rattle, several in the neighborhood heard what sounded like gunfire or a car backfiring. But they minded their own business. Several alleys in the neighborhood contained garages filled with all sorts of contraband, and most residents fearfully parked their cars on the street to avoid stumbling onto something.

But shortly after 11 p. m. Walter Finfrock drove into the alley off the 300 block of North Sixth Street and in the beam of his headlights saw a man lying on the ground, sort of wedged up against a garage door. “Just a drunk,” Finfrock’s passenger, his father, said. Then they noticed the pool of blood. Finfrock abandoned his car there and notified police. 

The dead man was George Murphy, known around town as a night clerk at the Grand Hotel when it was run by former Butler County Sheriff Rudy Laubach. He was originally from St. Louis and was known to have run liquor to Hamilton from Detroit, Kansas City, Louisville, and St. Louis. Other than talking about his war experience in the Canadian army, he revealed very little of himself to people in Hamilton, who noted that he was often out of town for months at a time. Even his family was in the dark about his occupation and didn’t know any of his friends, but they knew he always had money, dressed in the finest clothes, and always drove a new car. 

The law enforcement system knew Murphy better than the underworld or his family. In addition to being well-known as a liquor runner, Murphy was the chief suspect in a recent attempt to blow up a safe at the Rollman department store in downtown Cincinnati on May 5 along with Hamilton’s own Fat Wrassman and Harry Truesdale, one of George Remus’s lieutenants. He had a long criminal record and had made a daring escape from the Atlanta federal prison. He was such a brazen and reckless operator that no gang would work with him full-time, so he was known as a lone wolf. Nevertheless, he had a reputation as a straight-shooter for the most part, although he had been known to participate in several hijackings of fellow bootleggers. 

Murphy, 40, elegantly dressed in a fine gray suit with monogrammed handkerchiefs, bad been dead twenty minutes when the first police arrived. The location of machine gun shells indicated a gunman had lain in wait behind a board fence across the alley. Twenty-eight shots had been fired: ten into the garage door, eighteen into George Murphy. Six bullets went into his back, six more shots nearly tore off his left wrist and arm, and six of the bullets, apparently shot after an initial attack, traced a perfect circle eight inches in diameter around his heart. Murphy had a .38 revolver tucked in his belt. His inside coat pocket was a gold watch that contained a picture of a pretty girl. Detectives presumed it was his sweetheart, the titian-haired beauty Pauline Wilson, 25, but she was nowhere to be found. Murphy and Wilson had moved from last known address, an apartment on Atlantic Ave. in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, in February. They told neighbors they were moving to Florida. Neighbors knew her as “Pearl Murphy” and suspected he was a professional gambler. They paid their rent in advance, in cash, and were mostly quiet but received frequent visitors, including “a big fat man.”

The next morning, in what police believed as evidence of a related incident, travelers discovered a pool of blood on the bridge at Venice, not far from the burned-out barbecue shack that contained Robert Andres’s remains. The river was running high, making it impossible to search for a body. 

Although there were many men in and around Hamilton who served in World War I and could wield a machine gun with the precision and panache as Murphy’s hit, but no two were as expert as Crane Neck Nugent and Foxy Bob Zwick. It would later turn out that the bullets in the Andres murder and the Murphy assassination were from the same gun, the kind that Zwick was known to use.

Police were also concerned because the tactic used in the attempt on Kolker’s life and the Murphy assassination--hiding in ambush and taking the victim by surprise--was almost unheard of in Southwest Ohio. A more common method among local thugs was taking the man for a ride outside the city limits. “Victims were often lined up before a battery of weapons and told of the cause for death before his life was snuffed out with led,” the Daily News reported. “Not so with Murphy. No killing quite so well-planned and covered up has come before authorities here in many years.”

As it would turn out, the hit on George Murphy was just a warm-up.

After the assassination of George Murphy and other escalations in the Little Chicago gangster wars, police were on the lookout for Bob Zwick, one of the top machine gunners in the underworld and indicted in the murder of College Hill Marshal Peter Dumele.

Zwick hailed from Cincinnati and was early on associated with the bootleggers in Newport, Kentucky, but he also had a friend in “Turkey Joe” Jacobs, one of Hamilton’s most well-known gangsters. Jacobs, a horse trainer and race by trade or cover, was a defense witness at the trial of Alabama Wells, testifying that Coroner Hugh Gadd fired the shot that killed Bob Gary. It was reported that he hated his nickname, earned early in his bootlegging and hijacking career when he stole a turkey truck that he believed was hiding a load of liquor, but it turned out to only be turkeys. Another story says he got the name because he grew up on a turkey farm in a neighborhood right outside of Hamilton known as Gobbler’s Nob. He was closely connected to an interstate auto theft ring and implicated in a variety of gangland activities, from running moonshine to blowing safes. 

“To all but those who knew Jacobs well,” the Evening Journal reported, “he might have been considered a yokel. His manner of dress, his easy-going way and his disarming appearance characterized him as such, but he was anything but a yokel in the racket.”

The Daily News said that Jacobs was not fond of guns but was well-armed with his fists. He and Zwick were the best of friends, and many believed a not-so-innocent bystander when the assassins came after Zwick, that Turkey Joe just got caught in the crossfire. He was planning to take one of his horses to a race in Columbus the day after his death.

At 6:15 p.m., May 27, exactly one week after the Murphy killing, Turkey Joe Jacobs and Bob Zwick were in the Milders Inn at Symmes Corner south of Hamilton, a favorite regional eatery. 

Jake Milders had been a sports promoter before the 1913 flood picked up his Hamilton Coliseum and floated it two miles downstream before crashing it into the Columbia Bridge. Symmes Corner was a stop on the traction line to Cincinnati, and their restaurant was popular with Reds players and a destination spot for people who would come in from as far away as Indianapolis, sometimes waiting three hours on a busy weekend night for a steaming plate of “Mom” Milders’s fried chicken and mashed potatoes with creamy gravy.

They were keeping a close eye on the traffic on the Mt. Pleasant Pike, on the lookout for a liquor truck that was supposed to be heading down that way around 8 p.m. They were planning to hijack it.

Jacobs’s head turned toward the Pike when a brown sedan passing by. The two men quickly paid their tab, left their meal unfinished, and got in Jacobs’s brand new Nash sedan that parked on the Symmes Road (now Nilles Road).

Anna Smith, 22, was walking west along the crossroad to meet a friend when the Nash passed her by. She saw a second sedan behind it traveling at high speed, and caught up with the first car containing Jacobs and Zwick about 50 feet from the brick schoolhouse. The first car came to a stop and as the brown sedan pulled alongside and someone leaned out of the window and launched a machine gun assault, pumping round after round into the green Nash. 

The brown car took off heading west, passing the Miss Huffman, who was driving her uncle’s car, heading east. She slowed down, horrified at the sight of the bullet riddled car just as Bob Zwick managed to roll out of the Nash’s door and in front of her car. She slowed further to keep from striking him and he jumped on her running board.

“Get off!” Huffman screamed hysterically.

“They’re after me,” the man said, a revolver dangling from his right hand and blood pouring from his left where three fingers has been ripped to shreds and dangling. She stopped the car and screamed hysterically until Zwick pointed the gun in her face. “Take me up the road,” he demanded, and she complied, driving right past her friend, who stood paralyzed by the side of the road having witnessed the assault. As Huffman approached the Milders Inn and the intersection, he jumped from the car and stumbled inside.

The brown sedan had driven about 100 feet down the road and turned around just as Zwick jumped onto Huffman’s car. It slowed down again and pumped another blast of machine gun fire into the Nash.

“Hide me!” he pleaded to Mom Milders. She took him through the kitchen and out the back door to the privy. He locked himself in and Mom Milders went back inside and saw the brown sedan speed past the restaurant. Jake and Mom Milders and their daughter Helen saw four heads bob up in the air like jumping jacks as the car bumped over the CH&D Railroad tracks. It then disappeared around a curve.

After the car passed, Zwick left the outhouse and walked north toward Hamilton and stopped at Phillip Beiser’s grocery store, pushing his blood spattered face against the glass of the front door, scaring the wits out of Mrs. Beiser, who was luckily locking up for the day. He continued out to the Mt. Pleasant Pike and flagged down a Studebaker that was headed north toward Hamilton, a high school boy from Mt. Healthy on his way to a church festival in Hamilton. Zwick got in the back seat.

“He said he’d been in an accident, that he was with another woman and his car had hit a pole and they were both hurt,” the young man said. “He said he didn’t want his wife to know about it. I asked him where the other woman was and he said he left her at Milders’s... There was a wound over his right eye and his face was covered with blood. One finger on his left hand was almost cut off and was hanging by the skin.”

“We drove to Central Avenue, then to Fifth Street, to East Avenue, to Maple Avenue and then crossed the canal to Hancock Avenue, turned into an alley and went about a block and came to a small, one-story frame house. As we crossed Walnut Street, he ducked his head as though he didn’t want to be seen.

“When we stopped at the house, he got out and a woman, a big woman with bobbed hair came out and said, ‘My God, man, what have you been doing?’ She seemed to be mad.’

The boy would later identify the woman as Anna Jacobs, Turkey Joe’s wife, but she denied ever seeing him or Zwick that night. When showed a picture of the fugitive Bob Zwick, the boy said, “That’s the man.”

When he arrived at the scene, Coroner Edward Cook estimated that 35 to 40 bullets in the automobile. Jacobs, slumped over the driver’s seat, was shot in the left eye, in the left ear and in the left jaw, several more in his head, his left arm and wrist, a total of 18 wounds.

Two hats, one felt and one straw, were lying on the front seat. Jacobs had worn the felt hat. Jacobs had a .38 caliber revolver in his belt, unfired. Fifteen .45 caliber automatic bullets, loosely wrapped in a sheet of paper, lay on the back seat. Rear seat pockets contained 25 more .45 shells, a loaded .45 revolver hidden, tucked beneath an adjustable armrest, its numbers filed away. Police found bullets that had passed through Jacobs’ skull embedded in a shed 75 feet back from the road.

Hamilton police were already certain that the assassination was in reprisal for the murder of George Murphy, so Chief Calhoun took charge of the investigation even though the incident was four miles outside city limits. He personally led squads of detectives and officers on five raiding expeditions trying to find the wounded Bob Zwick, with little effort directed toward finding the assassins.

The Milderses, the Studebaker driver, Blanche Huffman, and others identified Jacobs’s companion as the man wanted in the murder of Marshal Peter Dumele in North College Hill, the murder of Hamilton gang chief Jack Parker, the murder of George Murphy and numerous hijackings of liquor trucks in Southwest Ohio.

From witness accounts, police surmised that Zwick had been shot four times, a graze on his forehead, one in the hip, one in the arm, and a devastating shot to the left hand that took his little finger and damaged several others. The wounds may have been fatal, so they alerted all area hospitals and physicians.

Police would later discover that a Hamilton taxi picked Zwick up at the Evans house and at around 9:30 p.m. delivered him to Dr. J.M. Digby a Newport, Kentucky, physician, who sewed his finger back on, gave him three stitches in his scalp wound and removed a bullet from his hip. The wounded man told the doctor he had been wounded at a beer camp. Dr. Digby would tell the newspapers that such occurrences are not unusual in Newport.

The search for Zwick turned to the north, toward Dayton, Detroit and Canada based on a tip saying that the fugitive had moved to Middletown, where someone else took him through Dayton to Columbus, but the trail soon grew cold.

Officials allowed Turkey Joe’s brother, George Jacobs, a furlough from prison, where he was serving time for burglary, to attend the funeral Friday afternoon. Although Turkey Joe was deeply embedded in the local gang culture, the event was strictly a family affair. Most of the 50 people in attendance who were not police or press were women, there to console his mother, his wife, and his five children. The pallbearers were mostly cousins, though one man was the son of Jack Parker, the local gang leader who met a similar fate a year earlier in Lebanon.

By the weekend, the waters of the Great Miami River had receded some and Hamilton County officials resumed dragging the river in search of Pauline Wilson, George Murphy’s missing girlfriend, whom they believed had been shot and thrown off the Venice bridge. The search was for naught as the body turned up on the farm of Theodore Baughman of East River Road near New Baltimore, five miles below the bridge. The body was fully clothed, wearing a fur coat, a sorority pin, a ring with a black oblong stone, and a wrist watch--stopped at 12:45.

When word of the discovery reached Hamilton, officials rushed the Hamilton County morgue with Murphy’s gold watch with the photo of the girl, but found it difficult to make a positive identification as the body had been badly decomposed from its two weeks in the swell. The eyes had been eaten from the body, the flesh discolored. Nothing indicated that the body had been weighted. The corpse bore one bullet wound that entered just below the left eye and exited the back of the skull on the right side. The only other wounds were scratches and scrapes caused by its five-mile odyssey in the Great Miami River.

Her watch proved to be the positive identification, and police traced her to Atlantic Avenue apartments in Cincinnati where neighbors identified the woman they knew as “Mrs. Murphy.” Dr. A.L. Huston said that the Murphys lived in the building for several months but left in February, saying they were headed to Florida and would return in the spring.

“We did not know what Murphy did for a living,” Dr. Huston said, “but they appeared very quiet and lovable. Never, as long as I was there, did I hear a loud voice or see them that they were not smiling and happy.”

On Wednesday morning, June 5, police discovered an apartment at 831 Carthage Pike where “Mr. and Mrs. George Wilson” lived after they vacated the Atlantic Avenue apartment. The kitchen was spotlessly clean, the living room neatly, tastefully and expensively furnished.

Then they opened a chifferobe. It was a “yegg kit,” with two ounces of nitroglycerin carefully wrapped in cotton, a dozen dynamite detonating caps, and other tools used to blow open safes. They also found a high-powered automatic rifle with a silencer in the apartment and a set of silverware in the process of having a monogram removed. 

Raymond “Crane Neck” Nugent, acquitted of the murder of Hamilton cafe operator Bob Schief in 1925 and who went on to become one of the most notorious machine gunners in the Midwest, left the area for good following the Symmes Corner incident and moved around between Chicago, St. Louis, Detroit, and Miami, Florida, where he had his last run-in with the law when he was arrested March 1930 at a speakeasy under the name of Morris. He was reported staying in a mansion owned by Al Capone.

Even though there were warrants against Nugent for murder in both Cincinnati and Toledo, there was a mix-up in communication and before the policed arrived from Ohio to collect him, a judge accepted a $10,000 cash bond and released Nugent so that he could make an appearance in extradition court. Nugent pulled the $10,000 from his wallet. He never made that promised appearance, nor was he ever seen again. There are several theories as to what happened to him, one favorite being that Al Capone had regarded him as a risk after the Miami affair and some of his pals walked him into the Everglades to feed the gators. A less romantic speculation is that he was one of several gangster bodies found floating in the Detroit River and never identified.

Nugent was not declared officially dead until 1952 after a court action by his widow trying to claim his $1,500 World War I veteran’s death benefit. Mrs. Nugent said when she applied for the benefit that on April 11, 1930, she was living in Chicago and visiting Cincinnati when she received an anonymous telephone call saying, “He’s dead. You better pack up and go home.”

After the assassination of George Murphy and other escalations in the Little Chicago gangster wars, police were on the lookout for Bob Zwick, one of the top machine gunners in the underworld and indicted in the murder of College Hill Marshal Peter Dumele.

Zwick hailed from Cincinnati and was early on associated with the bootleggers in Newport, Kentucky, but he also had a friend in “Turkey Joe” Jacobs, one of Hamilton’s most well-known gangsters. Jacobs, a horse trainer and race by trade or cover, was a defense witness at the trial of Alabama Wells, testifying that Coroner Hugh Gadd fired the shot that killed Bob Gary. It was reported that he hated his nickname, earned early in his bootlegging and hijacking career when he stole a turkey truck that he believed was hiding a load of liquor, but it turned out to only be turkeys. Another story says he got the name because he grew up on a turkey farm in a neighborhood right outside of Hamilton known as Gobbler’s Nob. He was closely connected to an interstate auto theft ring and implicated in a variety of gangland activities, from running moonshine to blowing safes. 

“To all but those who knew Jacobs well,” the Evening Journal reported, “he might have been considered a yokel. His manner of dress, his easy-going way and his disarming appearance characterized him as such, but he was anything but a yokel in the racket.”

The Daily News said that Jacobs was not fond of guns but was well-armed with his fists. He and Zwick were the best of friends, and many believed a not-so-innocent bystander when the assassins came after Zwick, that Turkey Joe just got caught in the crossfire. He was planning to take one of his horses to a race in Columbus the day after his death.

At 6:15 p.m., May 27, exactly one week after the Murphy killing, Turkey Joe Jacobs and Bob Zwick were in the Milders Inn at Symmes Corner south of Hamilton, a favorite regional eatery. 

Jake Milders had been a sports promoter before the 1913 flood picked up his Hamilton Coliseum and floated it two miles downstream before crashing it into the Columbia Bridge. Symmes Corner was a stop on the traction line to Cincinnati, and their restaurant was popular with Reds players and a destination spot for people who would come in from as far away as Indianapolis, sometimes waiting three hours on a busy weekend night for a steaming plate of “Mom” Milders’s fried chicken and mashed potatoes with creamy gravy.

They were keeping a close eye on the traffic on the Mt. Pleasant Pike, on the lookout for a liquor truck that was supposed to be heading down that way around 8 p.m. They were planning to hijack it.

Jacobs’s head turned toward the Pike when a brown sedan passing by. The two men quickly paid their tab, left their meal unfinished, and got in Jacobs’s brand new Nash sedan that parked on the Symmes Road (now Nilles Road).

Anna Smith, 22, was walking west along the crossroad to meet a friend when the Nash passed her by. She saw a second sedan behind it traveling at high speed, and caught up with the first car containing Jacobs and Zwick about 50 feet from the brick schoolhouse. The first car came to a stop and as the brown sedan pulled alongside and someone leaned out of the window and launched a machine gun assault, pumping round after round into the green Nash. 

The brown car took off heading west, passing the Miss Huffman, who was driving her uncle’s car, heading east. She slowed down, horrified at the sight of the bullet riddled car just as Bob Zwick managed to roll out of the Nash’s door and in front of her car. She slowed further to keep from striking him and he jumped on her running board.

“Get off!” Huffman screamed hysterically.

“They’re after me,” the man said, a revolver dangling from his right hand and blood pouring from his left where three fingers has been ripped to shreds and dangling. She stopped the car and screamed hysterically until Zwick pointed the gun in her face. “Take me up the road,” he demanded, and she complied, driving right past her friend, who stood paralyzed by the side of the road having witnessed the assault. As Huffman approached the Milders Inn and the intersection, he jumped from the car and stumbled inside.

The brown sedan had driven about 100 feet down the road and turned around just as Zwick jumped onto Huffman’s car. It slowed down again and pumped another blast of machine gun fire into the Nash.

“Hide me!” he pleaded to Mom Milders. She took him through the kitchen and out the back door to the privy. He locked himself in and Mom Milders went back inside and saw the brown sedan speed past the restaurant. Jake and Mom Milders and their daughter Helen saw four heads bob up in the air like jumping jacks as the car bumped over the CH&D Railroad tracks. It then disappeared around a curve.

After the car passed, Zwick left the outhouse and walked north toward Hamilton and stopped at Phillip Beiser’s grocery store, pushing his blood spattered face against the glass of the front door, scaring the wits out of Mrs. Beiser, who was luckily locking up for the day. He continued out to the Mt. Pleasant Pike and flagged down a Studebaker that was headed north toward Hamilton, a high school boy from Mt. Healthy on his way to a church festival in Hamilton. Zwick got in the back seat.

“He said he’d been in an accident, that he was with another woman and his car had hit a pole and they were both hurt,” the young man said. “He said he didn’t want his wife to know about it. I asked him where the other woman was and he said he left her at Milders’s... There was a wound over his right eye and his face was covered with blood. One finger on his left hand was almost cut off and was hanging by the skin.”

“We drove to Central Avenue, then to Fifth Street, to East Avenue, to Maple Avenue and then crossed the canal to Hancock Avenue, turned into an alley and went about a block and came to a small, one-story frame house. As we crossed Walnut Street, he ducked his head as though he didn’t want to be seen.

“When we stopped at the house, he got out and a woman, a big woman with bobbed hair came out and said, ‘My God, man, what have you been doing?’ She seemed to be mad.’

The boy would later identify the woman as Anna Jacobs, Turkey Joe’s wife, but she denied ever seeing him or Zwick that night. When showed a picture of the fugitive Bob Zwick, the boy said, “That’s the man.”

When he arrived at the scene, Coroner Edward Cook estimated that 35 to 40 bullets in the automobile. Jacobs, slumped over the driver’s seat, was shot in the left eye, in the left ear and in the left jaw, several more in his head, his left arm and wrist, a total of 18 wounds.

Two hats, one felt and one straw, were lying on the front seat. Jacobs had worn the felt hat. Jacobs had a .38 caliber revolver in his belt, unfired. Fifteen .45 caliber automatic bullets, loosely wrapped in a sheet of paper, lay on the back seat. Rear seat pockets contained 25 more .45 shells, a loaded .45 revolver hidden, tucked beneath an adjustable armrest, its numbers filed away. Police found bullets that had passed through Jacobs’ skull embedded in a shed 75 feet back from the road.

Hamilton police were already certain that the assassination was in reprisal for the murder of George Murphy, so Chief Calhoun took charge of the investigation even though the incident was four miles outside city limits. He personally led squads of detectives and officers on five raiding expeditions trying to find the wounded Bob Zwick, with little effort directed toward finding the assassins.

The Milderses, the Studebaker driver, Blanche Huffman, and others identified Jacobs’s companion as the man wanted in the murder of Marshal Peter Dumele in North College Hill, the murder of Hamilton gang chief Jack Parker, the murder of George Murphy and numerous hijackings of liquor trucks in Southwest Ohio.

From witness accounts, police surmised that Zwick had been shot four times, a graze on his forehead, one in the hip, one in the arm, and a devastating shot to the left hand that took his little finger and damaged several others. The wounds may have been fatal, so they alerted all area hospitals and physicians.

Police would later discover that a Hamilton taxi picked Zwick up at the Evans house and at around 9:30 p.m. delivered him to Dr. J.M. Digby a Newport, Kentucky, physician, who sewed his finger back on, gave him three stitches in his scalp wound and removed a bullet from his hip. The wounded man told the doctor he had been wounded at a beer camp. Dr. Digby would tell the newspapers that such occurrences are not unusual in Newport.

The search for Zwick turned to the north, toward Dayton, Detroit and Canada based on a tip saying that the fugitive had moved to Middletown, where someone else took him through Dayton to Columbus, but the trail soon grew cold.

Officials allowed Turkey Joe’s brother, George Jacobs, a furlough from prison, where he was serving time for burglary, to attend the funeral Friday afternoon. Although Turkey Joe was deeply embedded in the local gang culture, the event was strictly a family affair. Most of the 50 people in attendance who were not police or press were women, there to console his mother, his wife, and his five children. The pallbearers were mostly cousins, though one man was the son of Jack Parker, the local gang leader who met a similar fate a year earlier in Lebanon.

By the weekend, the waters of the Great Miami River had receded some and Hamilton County officials resumed dragging the river in search of Pauline Wilson, George Murphy’s missing girlfriend, whom they believed had been shot and thrown off the Venice bridge. The search was for naught as the body turned up on the farm of Theodore Baughman of East River Road near New Baltimore, five miles below the bridge. The body was fully clothed, wearing a fur coat, a sorority pin, a ring with a black oblong stone, and a wrist watch--stopped at 12:45.

When word of the discovery reached Hamilton, officials rushed the Hamilton County morgue with Murphy’s gold watch with the photo of the girl, but found it difficult to make a positive identification as the body had been badly decomposed from its two weeks in the swell. The eyes had been eaten from the body, the flesh discolored. Nothing indicated that the body had been weighted. The corpse bore one bullet wound that entered just below the left eye and exited the back of the skull on the right side. The only other wounds were scratches and scrapes caused by its five-mile odyssey in the Great Miami River.

Her watch proved to be the positive identification, and police traced her to Atlantic Avenue apartments in Cincinnati where neighbors identified the woman they knew as “Mrs. Murphy.” Dr. A.L. Huston said that the Murphys lived in the building for several months but left in February, saying they were headed to Florida and would return in the spring.

“We did not know what Murphy did for a living,” Dr. Huston said, “but they appeared very quiet and lovable. Never, as long as I was there, did I hear a loud voice or see them that they were not smiling and happy.”

On Wednesday morning, June 5, police discovered an apartment at 831 Carthage Pike where “Mr. and Mrs. George Wilson” lived after they vacated the Atlantic Avenue apartment. The kitchen was spotlessly clean, the living room neatly, tastefully and expensively furnished.

Then they opened a chifferobe. It was a “yegg kit,” with two ounces of nitroglycerin carefully wrapped in cotton, a dozen dynamite detonating caps, and other tools used to blow open safes. They also found a high-powered automatic rifle with a silencer in the apartment and a set of silverware in the process of having a monogram removed. 

William Hobbs was passed out drunk when company started arriving.

The Smith Street house was dark Charles Vincent Rose, 24, came calling at 11 p.m. He was family, the first cousin of Hobbs’ common-law wife Helen Schindlebower, so he started to climb in a bedroom window. Hobbs roused at the intrusion and gave Rose a key and told him to go around to the door. Formerly of New Miami, Vince Rose had hitchhiked to Hamilton from his home in Metamora, Indiana, where he worked on his stepfather’s farm. He had come to visit with a bottle of whiskey. Rose sat up with him. The cousins, who were raised together by Rose’s mother, talked and played the phonograph while Hobbs slept in the next room.

Schindlebower said that she and Billy had spent the afternoon and early evening of April 11, 1937, drinking beer in a Hamilton saloon. Around 7:30 or 8 p.m., they went to visit Hobbs’s sister and they drank some more beer. Hobbs also took the occasional hit off a pint flask of whiskey. By the time they left at 10 p.m., Hobbs was so drunk that his brother-in-law had to help him to the curb. Schindlebower took him home and put him to bed.

Shortly after midnight, Hobbs’s partner in crime John Agnew, 34 and a father of three children, arrived. He and Hobbs had been planning a burglary and he was angry that Hobbs was asleep. “Don’t be so lazy,” he chided the sleeping fellow. “Get up and we’ll go out and make some easy money.”

Hobbs, 32, dragged himself out of bed and went into the kitchen, Agnew close behind. Rose and Schindlebower could hear them talking, but couldn’t make out what they were saying. Hobbs walked back into the front room and told Rose to put on his coat, that they were going to take a ride and make some easy money, then went back into the bedroom to get dressed while he and Agnew argued some more, Agnew objecting to taking Rose with them.

“The kid’s alright,” Hobbs said angrily. “I know him and we need a third man,” put an end to that argument, but then Schindlebower started in on him. He was still drunk, she complained; he didn’t need to be going anywhere. Hobbs ignored her.

“We should take a gun,” Agnew said. Hobbs told him his place had been broken into a couple of weeks prior and someone stole his shotgun, so his .32 revolver was at a friend’s house for safekeeping. Rose said that he had a gun, but Agnew ignored him, saying they’d go get Hobbs’s.

They walked over to Walnut Street where Agnew had parked his car and rode to Rose Bolser’s house on South Eighth. Hobbs retrieved his gun and 18 cartridges in a tobacco bag. He loaded his gun and handed the rest of the bullets to Rose. They all had several drinks of whiskey while they were there and Rose bought a pint to go from Bolser, who had a record of moonshining and selling untaxed liquor.

When they got back to the car, Agnew explained they were going to the National Dairy out on Middletown Pike. They had a safe that was small enough that three men could carry it out of there and they could open it later. On the way, Agnew pointed out other places that were easy enough to knock off, including Mike Vertich’s Café.

When they got to the dairy, the lights were on. They hadn’t been expecting that, so they kept driving and talked about the other places they had passed. They decided to go back to Vertich’s Café at 548 North Third Street, where they could break in through a back window. Agnew parked the car on Vine Street and stayed at the wheel while Rose and Hobbs went to check things out.

They stood on the cellar door to open the back window, but it was locked. The two started to open a gate to get to the other side of the building where they could try the other windows and maybe even the front door if they had to.

“Just as Hobbs pushed open the gate, we saw a car stop suddenly and a man jumped out with a flashlight in his hand and started toward us,” Rose would later testify as a state’s witness. “He yelled and I ran toward an abandoned automobile which was standing on the lot and then headed up an alley. I heard four shots from a heavy caliber gun and three from a lighter gun as I was going through the alley.

“I made my way back to where the car was parked and Agnew asked me what had happened. I told him there had been some shooting and urged him to drive away. He asked me what had become of Hobbs and I said he probably had been shot. We waited for about a minute and a half and as we were starting to drive away, Hobbs ran in front of the auto and hopped in.

“Agnew drove out the Middletown Pike and on the way, Hobbs said that he had fired three shots and asked me if I had done any shooting. I told him no and he broke open his gun and emptied out three shells… Hobbs remarked that he believed he had shot someone but had not looked to see who it was. Hobbs said that after he shot, the man ran like a turkey. Agnew laughed.”

The three men drove around a while longer, then parked and drank the whiskey Rose had bought from the Bolser woman. When the bottle was empty, Agnew dropped the others off a few blocks from Hobbs’s house.

“You don’t know me, kid,” Agnew said as Rose got out of the car.

The engine was running

Hamilton City Police Patrolmen Herschel Seward and Levi Justice finished their shift at about 4 a.m. on the morning of April 12, 1937. They were taking Cruiser 6 to the city garage, Seward driving and Justice following behind in his private car.

They saw fellow officer Arthur Sponsel’s car parked in the middle of the street near Vertich’s Café. The left front door was open and the headlights on. Sponsel had gotten off duty a couple of hours earlier, had delivered Cruiser 8 to the city garage, a block further to the north at 2:45 a.m., and picked up his own vehicle.

“When I saw Arthur’s car, I believed he had run out of gasoline and that he had probably returned to the garage,” Seward said, but he was not there when they dropped off Cruiser 6. “After leaving the police car at the garage, Justice and I returned to Sponsel’s auto.”

The car engine was still running. They noticed the beam of a flashlight low in the parking lot, about 25 feet east of North Third Street. It illuminated a .38 caliber police revolver. Four feet beyond, in the darkness at the side of the building, they found Patrolmen Sponsel face-down, slain, a bullet through his heart.

Built his home

Patrolman Arthur Sponsel was a World War I veteran, having served in England and France. He was known as an “air bird,” but he had never flown on any missions. The war ended before he finished his training. He worked as a carpenter after the war and built the family home on Forest Avenue. He joined the police force on March 19, 1931. He would have been 37 on his next birthday.

Police Chief John C. Calhoun said that the department lost “one of its most efficient officers.”

“Arthur was a gentleman both on and off duty and none was more fearless in the face of danger,” the chief said. “Every member of the department respected Sponsel as an officer and a friend.”

He left a wife, two sons, his mother, one brother and five sisters.

Just three weeks before his death, he had a close call at the Blue Goose Inn at Dixie Highway and Minor Avenue when a 23-year-old man had pointed a shot gun at him and told him to raise his hands. Instead, Sponsel took two shots at the suspect, wounding him in the left shoulder and taking him and a companion into custody.

“Patrolman Sponsel was one of the finest officers in the department,” said City Manager Price. “He was efficient, used every precaution in the performance of his duty but he never flinched in the face of danger.”

Forced off the road

Patrolman Sponsel’s gun contained four spent cartridges. A search of the scene uncovered only one meager clue: a .32 bullet embedded in the side of the restaurant, on the northeast corner. There was a stripped automobile in the parking lot, so police considered the possibility that Sponsel had noticed someone stripping the car and went to investigate.

In interviewing witnesses, including a pair of night watchmen at the nearby Niles Tool Works, police first surmised that six shots had been fired. The newspaper reported that police were looking for a man taller than the 5-foot, 10-inch patrolman as the bullet entered the body near the heart, piercing that organ and the left lung, before traveling downward and coming to rest lodged in the left hip. They also considered the possibility that the shooter might have been a fugitive from justice, or that Sponsel had interrupted a hold-up. None of these theories would prove to be true.

Alexander Thomson, chairman of the Champion Paper Company and president of the Chamber of Commerce offered a $5,000 reward for information leading to the capture and conviction of the man or men who killed Patrolman Sponsel. The Butler County Commissioners and other citizens contributed until a pot of $5,850 was at stake.

Police soon began receiving tips, many of the false leads but some pointing toward William Hobbs, a local thug. Hobbs was known as a small, mean man who stood 5-foot, 3-inches and weighed all of 115 pounds. On Wednesday, Chief John Calhoun put a shadow on Hobbs night and day, following him to Metamora the following Sunday to Rose’s house when Hobbs, Helen Schindlebower and a friend named Ralph Baines, who drove in his car and would later lay claim, along with Rose Bolser, to the reward money. Further tips implicated John Agnew and Vince Rose, but Hobbs was pegged as the shooter, and police wanted to make sure he still had the gun.

Bolser would testify that Hobbs had come back to her house late Monday morning after Sponsel’s death to return the gun and ask her to keep Rose’s revolver, too. He had been awakened by a friend named Bob Beaver, who told him that--as early rumors had it--a night watchman had been shot. But Bolser had heard about the shooting, too and refused to take them. Hobbs had already been drinking, but apparently knew he was in trouble. He buried his gun in the backyard of a home in the Belmont addition where he had helped build some houses and returned Rose’s.

When Hobbs went to Metamora the following Sunday, he told Rose that he needed to ditch his gun. “My gun hasn’t done anything,” Rose told him and said he was keeping it in his dresser drawer.

The next afternoon, Monday April 19, one week after the murder of Arthur Sponsel, Hobbs loaded up Baines’s car with his belongings and headed south on Dixie Highway on their way to Mansfield, Kentucky. Police were ready for him and made chase, a posse of nine officers in two automobiles, Chief Calhoun himself driving lead. They overtook Baines in Fairfield and Calhoun forced Baines off the road. Officers swarmed the car and arrested Hobbs, Schindlebower and Gaines, and confiscated Hobbs’s .32 revolver. At the same time, other officers were on their way to Metamora to arrest Vince Rose and to John Agnew’s house, where he was apprehended.

Hobbs and Rose readily confessed to the crime, saying that they didn’t know that Hobbs had killed a cop until they read about it in the papers.

Vince Rose did not testify in Hobbs’s trial, but was a state’s witness in the trial of John Agnew, who was found guilty by a jury. Rose pled guilty to second degree murder. Both were sentenced to life in prison, but Hobbs, the shooter, would pay the ultimate price for his crimes.

The last mile

William Hobbs spent his last day on earth constantly and calmly smoking cigars, pausing long enough to take a last meal of fried chicken, mashed potatoes and corn. He had gained 52 pounds during his confinement. Sitting on his bunk, he had just lit a fresh cigar when guards notified him that it was time to “walk the last mile,” 8:45 p.m., July 6, 1938. He merely shrugged and hopped off the bunk. Two death row inmates greeted him as he passed, but Hobbs ignored them. He just puffed on his cigar all the way into the death chamber. He kept his eyes downcast, not looking at the witnesses, handing his cigar to a guard as two others strapped him in. Three jolts from Old Sparky ended his life, making him the 209th murderer to be electrocuted in the state of Ohio.

Source: The Hamilton Journal-Daily News, April 12, 1937, to July 7, 1938.